Deception Point Page 37 Free Essays

Ekstrom scowled. â€Å"So is it possible or not?† â€Å"Not on your life,† Norah said flatly. â€Å"Totally impossible. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 37 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would have hit pockets of brine ice in my core samples.† â€Å"Core samples are drilled essentially in random spots, right?† Rachel asked. â€Å"Is there any chance the cores’ placements, simply by bad luck, could have missed a pocket of sea ice?† â€Å"I drilled directly down over the meteorite. Then I drilled multiple cores only a few yards on either side. You can’t get any closer.† â€Å"Just asking.† â€Å"The point is moot,† Norah said. â€Å"Brine interstices occur only in seasonal ice-ice that forms and melts every season. The Milne Ice Shelf is fast ice-ice that forms in the mountains and holds fast until it migrates to the calving zone and falls into the sea. As convenient as frozen plankton would be for explaining this mysterious little phenomenon, I can guarantee there are no hidden networks of frozen plankton in this glacier.† The group fell silent again. Despite the stark rebuttal of the frozen plankton theory, Rachel’s systematic analysis of the data refused to accept the rejection. Instinctively, Rachel knew that the presence of frozen plankton in the glacier beneath them was the simplest solution to the riddle. The Law of Parsimony, she thought. Her NRO instructors had driven it into her subconscious. When multiple explanations exist, the simplest is usually correct. Norah Mangor obviously had a lot to lose if her ice-core data was wrong, and Rachel wondered if maybe Norah had seen the plankton, realized she’d made a mistake in claiming the glacier was solid, and was now simply trying to cover her tracks. â€Å"All I know,† Rachel said, â€Å"is that I just briefed the entire White House staff and told them this meteorite was discovered in a pristine matrix of ice and had been sealed there, untouched by outside influence since 1716, when it broke off of a famous meteorite called the Jungersol. This fact now appears to be in some question.† The NASA administrator was silent, his expression grave. Tolland cleared his throat. â€Å"I have to agree with Rachel. There was saltwater and plankton in the pool. No matter what the explanation is, that shaft is obviously not a closed environment. We can’t say it is.† Corky was looking uncomfortable. â€Å"Um, folks, not to sound like the astrophysicist here, but in my field when we make mistakes, we’re usually off by billions of years. Is this little plankton/saltwater mix-up really all that important? I mean, the perfection of the ice surrounding the meteorite in no way affects the meteorite itself, right? We still have the fossils. Nobody is questioning their authenticity. If it turns out we’ve made a mistake with the ice-core data, nobody will really care. All they’ll care about is that we found proof of life on another planet.† â€Å"I’m sorry, Dr. Marlinson,† Rachel said, â€Å"as someone who analyzes data for a living, I have to disagree. Any tiny flaw in the data NASA presents tonight has the potential to cast doubt over the credibility of the entire discovery. Including the authenticity of the fossils.† Corky’s jaw fell open. â€Å"What are you talking about? Those fossils are irrefutable!† â€Å"I know that. You know that. But if the public catches wind that NASA knowingly presented ice-core data that was in question, trust me, they will immediately start wondering what else NASA lied about.† Norah stepped forward, eyes flashing. â€Å"My ice-core data is not in question.† She turned to the administrator. â€Å"I can prove to you, categorically, that there is no brine ice trapped anywhere in this ice shelf!† The administrator eyed her a long moment. â€Å"How?† Norah outlined her plan. When she was done, Rachel had to admit, the idea sounded like a reasonable one. The administrator did not look so sure. â€Å"And the results will be definitive?† â€Å"One hundred percent confirmation,† Norah assured him. â€Å"If there’s one goddamn ounce of frozen saltwater anywhere near that meteorite shaft, you will see it. Even a few droplets will light up on my gear like Times Square.† The administrator’s brow furrowed beneath his military buzz cut. â€Å"There’s not much time. The press conference is in a couple of hours.† â€Å"I can be back in twenty minutes.† â€Å"How far out on the glacier did you say you have to go?† â€Å"Not far. Two hundred yards should do it.† Ekstrom nodded. â€Å"Are you certain it’s safe?† â€Å"I’ll take flares,† Norah replied. â€Å"And Mike will go with me.† Tolland’s head shot up. â€Å"I will?† â€Å"You sure as hell will, Mike! We’ll be tethered. I’d appreciate a strong set of arms out there if the wind whips up.† â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"She’s right,† the administrator said, turning to Tolland. â€Å"If she goes, she can’t go alone. I’d send some of my men with her, but frankly, I’d rather keep this plankton issue to ourselves until we figure out if it’s a problem or not.† Tolland gave a reluctant nod. â€Å"I’d like to go too,† Rachel said. Norah spun like a cobra. â€Å"The hell you will.† â€Å"Actually,† the administrator said, as if an idea had just occurred to him, â€Å"I think I’d feel safer if we used the standard quad tether configuration. If you go dual, and Mike slips, you’ll never hold him. Four people are a lot safer than two.† He paused glancing at Corky. â€Å"That would mean either you or Dr. Ming.† Ekstrom glanced around the habisphere. â€Å"Where is Dr. Ming, anyway?† â€Å"I haven’t seen him in a while,† Tolland said. â€Å"He might be catching a nap.† Ekstrom turned to Corky. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson, I cannot require that you go out with them, and yet-â€Å" â€Å"What the hell?† Corky said. â€Å"Seeing as everyone is getting along so well.† â€Å"No!† Norah exclaimed. â€Å"Four people will slow us down. Mike and I are going alone.† â€Å"You are not going alone.† The administrator’s tone was final. â€Å"There’s a reason tethers are built as quads, and we’re going to do this as safely as possible. The last thing I need is an accident a couple hours before the biggest press conference in NASA’s history.† 43 Gabrielle Ashe felt a precarious uncertainty as she sat in the heavy air of Marjorie Tench’s office. What could this woman possibly want with me? Behind the room’s sole desk, Tench leaned back in her chair, her hard features seeming to radiate pleasure with Gabrielle’s discomfort. â€Å"Does the smoke bother you?† Tench asked, tapping a fresh cigarette from her pack. â€Å"No,† Gabrielle lied. Tench was already lighting up anyway. â€Å"You and your candidate have taken quite an interest in NASA during this campaign.† â€Å"True,† Gabrielle snapped, making no effort to hide her anger, â€Å"thanks to some creative encouragement. I’d like an explanation.† Tench gave an innocent pout. â€Å"You want to know why I’ve been sending you e-mail fodder for your attack on NASA?† â€Å"The information you sent me hurt your President.† â€Å"In the short run, yes.† The ominous tone in Tench’s voice made Gabrielle uneasy. â€Å"What’s that supposed to mean?† â€Å"Relax, Gabrielle. My e-mails didn’t change things much. Senator Sexton was NASA-bashing long before I stepped in. I simply helped him clarify his message. Solidify his position.† â€Å"Solidify his position?† â€Å"Exactly.† Tench smiled, revealing stained teeth. â€Å"Which, I must say, he did quite effectively this afternoon on CNN.† Gabrielle recalled the senator’s reaction to Tench’s fence-buster question. Yes, I would act to abolish NASA. Sexton had gotten himself cornered, but he’d played out of the rough with a strong drive. It was the right move. Wasn’t it? From Tench’s contented look, Gabrielle sensed there was information missing. How to cite Deception Point Page 37, Essay examples

Event Management of the Golden Jubilee-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Event Management of the Golden Jubilee Celebration of the ABC Company. Answer: Introduction ABC Company in Singapore is a wholesale retailer of garments and clothing both in the country and abroad. It was established in 1967 with only a handful of people but at present it has more than 3000 people at their 30 stores spread all over the world. They also export raw materials and resources to other smaller companies as they believe that by helping others they will be able to develop their own company. On their 50th year of inception, they are very excited to celebrate the golden jubilee in a unique and extraordinary style. An event consultant was hired to plan the event and arrange it accordingly for making their golden year all the more bright and shiny. The whole report will look into the details of the glorious event (Andersson et al., 2013). Conceptualizing the event For organizing an event it is essential to formulate an idea which will be beneficial for the operation in a smooth way. To celebrate the golden jubilee of the ABC Company the event consultant had aimed to bring together all the stakeholders, internal and external publics of the company and others who are directly or indirectly connected. The event will be a three- day program which will include inauguration, refreshments, AGM, future prospects and cultural program. As it is the golden year so the main theme of the event will be to color everything with a golden splash. It will be held in the gorgeous Fullerton Bay hotel of Singapore on 18th 20th December 2017. The event was named as, glorious golden. There will be estimated invitees of around 5000 people in the event (Atkin Brooks, 2014). Destination The grand event will take place in the Fullerton Bay hotel of Singapore which is located at an amazing place on the bay where the visitors can experience a great view of the marina. The prominent location of the particular hotel is the heart of business, arts and culture. The popular and iconic cultural landmarks of the city are situated at a stone- throwing distance from the hotel as well as the shopping stores of Suntec City and the Orchard Road. The nearest metro railway station is a five- minutes walking distance and the nearest bus stop is also three minutes away. The Changi international airport is no more than thirty minutes drive from the hotel which contributes to its major access (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). Host Community and Impacts The social impact of an event is the most on the host communities with a strong financial impact. As the event of golden jubilee celebration is a high- profile event therefore the political implications are large. The impacts will involve the improvement of the image of the place which will allow other companies which will other companies to invest and it will flourish tourism. The environmental impacts include the use of eco- friendly products in the event by thinking about the long term sustainability effect. The cultural impact will vary among the diverse population of the place. The local community might have a different attitude towards the hosting of the event as they will have to suffer from certain negative effects (Brown et al., 2015). Sponsorship The sponsorship will be collected from advertisements and revenues. The stakeholders of the company will be approached and the current employees will also be requested to contribute for the grand event. Funds can be raised by various sources for adding to the investment of the company. The hotel and hospitality industry will also be approached for sponsorship. While collecting sponsorship the team of event management might find some sponsors who are doing this task for a long time. The sponsors will be related to the target market for the particular event which will be beneficial for them as well as for the company. Appendix 2 showcases a model of relationship in event sponsorship (Geraghty, 2016). Event Design There will be pick- up and drop down facilities for the guests who will come from far and accommodation for all of them. Breakfast, lunch and snacks are mandatory on all the three days but dinner will be served only on the first two days. The event will take place from 18th to 21st of December, 2017. The inauguration will be held on the 1st day at 10 am in the conference room of the hotel by the CEO and other dignitaries of the company (Wee, 2016). The inauguration will be followed by breakfast for the guests and a welcome note by the guest of honor. Then there will be an AGM which will discuss the past success of the company and the upcoming future prospects. After serving lunch, the guests will be entertained by showing short films and video clips made on the life on the companys journey and the interviews taken from each and every employee. The 1st day program will end at 5 pm with a round of snacks. The second day will present the guests with a one- day tour of the city which wil l end at 6 pm and then they will be served evening snacks. On the third day there will be cultural program from different states of the country and cake cutting with a concluding speech by the CEO of the company which will bring a musical closure to the 3- day long celebration (Getz, 2013). Segmentation and Targeting The main stages in strategic marketing are considered to be segmentation, targeting and positioning. It is an important part of event planning to develop a list of invitees for making correct marketing decisions (Stadler, Fullagar Reid, 2014). With a fixed target the correct strategy, price, promotion and place will be fixed. The market segmentation will be done on the basis of demographics, geography, psychographics and behavior. It will be considered that the segments are measurable, accessible, profitable and reachable. The specific event was also segmented to target most of the invitees which will be profitable for the market. This will help in highlighting the marketing budget and the promotional resources. It will help the event consultant to save time and money on the non- respondent target group (Getz et al., 2015). Urban Tourism and Regeneration The event of golden jubilee celebration is a striking example of tourism regeneration strategy led by business or corporate activities. Singapore being a industrial place has attempted to get over its tradition of deindustrialization and create an economy on the basis of their service by reconstructing the image. The hosting of the event had encouraged many foreign visitors to the place which enhanced Singapores profile. The event had provided jobs to many people by boosting urban tourism and paved the way for future events. Showcasing the beauty of Singapore to the foreign visitors will help in the regeneration of the place by tourism inflows gained from the representative (Gration et al., 2016). Event Evaluation For this event, the event consultant did not only pay attention to the perception of the guests in the event but also of the organizers themselves to get a lesson for developing their services in the future events. It is not a very long time that a larger view of the impact of the event has been taken into consideration rather than only economic impacts (Hallak et al., 2016). The sustainability and the environmental impacts are significantly taken into account when it comes to evaluation of the event. It is a tough challenge for the event organizers to make sure that there are a sufficient number of evaluated dimensions which will make way for holistic evaluation. The evaluation of events uses the tools of content analysis, visitor exit survey, economic impact assessment, social impact analysis and environment impact analysis (Rojek, 2014). In the given event of golden jubilee celebration of the ABC Company, the guests will be given feedback forms to be submitted in a drop box. After one week of the program the guests will be sent emails asking for suggestions as to how they can improve their services and what did the guests like in the previous event. A survey will be conducted online which will analyze the collected data and the findings received from the respondents. But there are problems in event evaluation if the opportunity to detect the fault is missed therefore strong focus should be given at the planning phase for effective implementation of the strategies. There are three critical factors of significance, success and sustainability in the approach of event evaluation (Jones, 2014). Fringe events The pre and post event activities are equally important in an event as they decide the effectiveness of the main event. The pre event activities involve proper planning and arrangements so that the main event can take place in a smooth way. The event consultant who was hired for arranging the event in the given scenario will need to make a detailed list so that nothing is missed out (Larson, Getz Pastras, 2015). He will have to allocate teams for separate activities within a stipulated time. The planning must be done by keeping in mind the immediate remedies to be used in emergency crisis situation. The partner program in this event will include the companies such as Archies from where the gift and decorative items were bought and the food and beverage company such as Wong Food and Beverage who provided refreshments. Then there were other partners such as the music and light companies and the tour and travels company. With the initiation of the partner program both the companies will get benefitted which will develop an effective business transaction. A partner program will help to define each and every partner of the company for valuing the customers (Leino, 2016). Evening program for the particular event will include the cultural program of different province which reflected a rich cultural and traditional history. Light snacks along with the tune of melody will give rise to a serene ambience for the audience present in the hall. They will be able to enrich themselves with the experience of something that was unknown and unseen till that day. The program also included a short play on the life of the employees at the ABC Company which broke their monotony of the daily work. The celebration also bridged the gap between the existing and the previous employees and paved the way for new opportunities (Martin, 2015). The success on the part of the event consultant will enable them to get contacts for further events. If they can get contacts for overseas events then they will be able to earn more than local events. The event management team can also use innovative ideas such as flashing their name in between the play or using colorful banners at the premises of the event. Flashing of their names will grab the attention of the guests and there is a chance that they might visit their next event. This visit might evoke another great opportunity for the company which will be helpful for them (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The event experience can be enhanced by involving the guests at the extreme level which enable a two- way communication. This involvement will let the guests enjoy the program and will feel the warm hospitality. Using more audio visual media will let the guests enjoy better than just speech and meeting (Getz, 2017). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that event consultant will be successful in his task if the guests who were invited are satisfied with the services provided to them. The success of the event consultant is associated with the success of the ABC Company. This is because there might be some individuals among the guests who can provide once in a lifetime opportunity for the specific company and it cannot be afforded to miss. This will not only help the company to develop but the country will also gain foreign income. Overall, the economy of the country will be affected in a positive way by boosting urban tourism and regeneration. So, it can be seen how the success of a big event can be advantageous to the company as well as the country. References Andersson, T. D., Getz, D., Mykletun, J., Jeger, K., Dolles, H. (2013). Factors influencing grant and sponsorship revenue for festivals.Event Management,17(3), 195-212. Atkin, B., Brooks, A. (2014).Total facility management. John Wiley Sons. Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brown, S., Getz, D., Pettersson, R., Wallstam, M. (2015). Event evaluation: definitions, concepts and a state of the art review.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,6(2), 135-157. Geraghty, D. P. (2016). ASCEPT-Celebration of 50 Years.Pharmacology International, (83), 31. Getz, D. (2013).Event tourism: concepts, international case studies, and research. Cognizant Communication Corporation. Getz, D. (2017). Keynote: Designing the Event Management Curriculum for the Future. Getz, D., Andersson, T., Vujicic, S., Robinson, R. N. (2015). Food events in lifestyle and travel.Event Management,19(3), 407-419. Gration, D., Raciti, M., Getz, D., Andersson, T. D. (2016). Resident Valuation of Planned Events: An Event Portfolio Pilot Study.Event Management,20(4), 607-622. Hallak, R., McCABE, V. S., Brown, G., Assaker, G. (2016). Segmenting Meeting and Event Management Organizations Based on Business Performance.Event Management,20(3), 383-393. Jones, M. (2014).Sustainable event management: A practical guide. Routledge. Larson, M., Getz, D., Pastras, P. (2015). The Legitimacy of Festivals and Their Stakeholders: Concepts and Propositions.Event Management,19(2), 159-174. Leino, J. (2016). Event management: Partner Seminar to Support Cooperation. Case: Altia. Martin, P. R. (2015). Reflections on the APS golden jubilee conference.InPsych: The Bulletin of the Australian Psychological Society Ltd,37(6), 28. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Rojek, C. (2014). Global event management: A critique.Leisure Studies,33(1), 32-47. Stadler, R., Fullagar, S., Reid, S. (2014). The professionalization of festival organizations: a relational approach to knowledge management.Event Management,18(1), 39-52. Wee, H. K. (2016).Modernization in Green: The Singapore Project of Sustainability Control. Asian Urban L

Nuclear Waste Disposal in the US free essay sample

Provides background of the problem and discusses issues such as spent fuel rods liquid waste, storage containers, laws, health environmental threats, site selection, transportation, costs and public views. NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL Introduction This research considers the issue of nuclear waste disposal in the United States. The nuclear waste present in the United States is a combination of spent fuel rods from commercial nuclear power generators, high-level liquid radioactive waste from government-owned nuclear reactors uses in the production of nuclear weapons, and miscellaneous low-level nuclear wastes. While the way in which nuclear waste should be disposed is a volatile issue, one issue that has not been adequately considered is the separation of the spent fuel rods from the commercial reactors from the high-level weapons production-related nuclear waste with respect to disposal of the materials. Currently, policy calls for all nuclear waste to be placed in long-term storage at

Profile of Robert Koch, Founder of Modern Bacteriology

Profile of Robert Koch, Founder of Modern Bacteriology The German physician  Robert Koch (December 11, 1843 - May 27, 1910) is considered the father of modern bacteriology for his work  demonstrating that specific microbes are responsible for causing specific diseases. Koch discovered the life cycle of the bacteria responsible for anthrax and identified the bacteria that cause tuberculosis and cholera. Fast Facts: Robert Koch Nickname: Father of Modern BacteriologyOccupation: PhysicianBorn: December 11, 1843 in Clausthal, GermanyDied: May 27, 1910 in Baden-Baden, GermanyParents: Hermann Koch and Mathilde Julie Henriette BiewandEducation: University of Gà ¶ttingen (M.D.)Published Works: Investigations into the Etiology of Traumatic Infective Diseases (1877)Key Accomplishments: Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (1905)Spouse(s): Emmy Fraatz (m. 1867–1893), Hedwig Freiberg (m. 1893–1910)Child: Gertrude Koch Early Years Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch was born December 11, 1843 in the German town of Clausthal. His parents, Hermann Koch and Mathilde Julie Henriette Biewand, had thirteen children. Robert was the third child and the oldest surviving son. Even as a child, Koch demonstrated a love of nature and showed a high degree of intelligence. He reportedly taught himself to read at the age of five. Koch became interested in biology in high school and entered the University of Gà ¶ttingen in 1862, where he studied medicine. While in medical school, Koch was highly influenced by his anatomy instructor Jacob Henle, who had  published a work in 1840 proposing that microorganisms are responsible for causing infectious disease. Career and Research Upon earning his medical degree  with high honors from the University of Gà ¶ttingen in 1866, Koch practiced privately for a while in the town of Langenhagen and later in Rakwitz. In 1870, Koch voluntarily enlisted in the German military during the Franco-Prussian War. He served as a doctor in a battlefield hospital treating wounded soldiers. Two years later, Koch became the District Medical Officer for the city of Wollstein. He would hold this position from 1872 to 1880. Koch was later appointed to the Imperial Health Office in Berlin, a position he held from 1880 to 1885. During his time in Wollstein and Berlin, Koch began his laboratory investigations of bacterial pathogens that would bring him national and world-wide recognition. Anthrax Life Cycle Discovery Robert Kochs anthrax research was the first to demonstrate that a specific infectious disease was caused by a specific microbe. Koch gained insight from prominent scientific researchers of his time, such as Jacob Henle, Louis Pasteur, and Casimir Joseph Davaine. Work by Davaine indicated that animals with anthrax contained microbes in their blood. When healthy animals were inoculated with the blood of infected animals, the healthy animals became diseased. Davaine postulated that anthrax must be caused by the blood microbes. Robert Koch took this investigation further by obtaining pure anthrax cultures and identifying bacterial spores  (also called  endospores). These resistant cells can survive for years under harsh conditions such as high temperatures, dryness, and the presence of toxic enzymes or chemicals. The spores remain dormant until conditions become favorable for them to develop into vegetative (actively growing) cells capable of causing disease. As a result of Kochs research, the life cycle of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) was identified. Laboratory Research Techniques Robert Kochs research led  to the development and refinement of a number of laboratory techniques that are still in use today. In order for Koch to obtain pure bacterial cultures for study, he had to find a suitable medium on which to grow the microbes. He perfected a method for turning a liquid medium (culture broth) into a solid medium by mixing it with agar. The agar gel medium was ideal for growing pure cultures as it was transparent, remained solid at body temperature (37 °C / 98.6 °F), and bacteria did not use it as a food source. An assistant of Koch, Julius Petri, developed a special plate called a Petri dish for holding the solid growth medium. Additionally, Koch refined techniques for preparing bacteria for microscope viewing. He developed glass slides and cover slips as well as methods for heat fixing and staining bacteria with dyes in order to improve visibility. He also developed techniques for the use of steam sterilization and methods for photographing (micro-photography) bacteria and other microbes. Koch's Postulates Koch published Investigations into the Etiology of Traumatic Infective Diseases  in 1877. In it, he outlined procedures for obtaining pure cultures and bacteria isolation methods. Koch also developed guidelines or postulates for determining that a particular disease is due to a specific microbe. These postulates were developed during Kochs study of anthrax and outlined four basic principles that apply when establishing the causative agent of an infectious disease: The suspected microbe must be found in all instances of the disease, but not in healthy animals.The suspected microbe must be isolated from a diseased animal and grown in pure culture.When a healthy animal is inoculated with the suspected microbe, the disease must develop.The microbe must be isolated from the inoculated animal, grown in pure culture, and be identical to the microbe obtained from the original diseased animal. Tuberculosis and Cholera Bacteria Identification By 1881, Koch had set his sights on identifying the microbe responsible for causing the deadly disease tuberculosis. While other researchers had been able to demonstrate that tuberculosis was caused by a microorganism, no one had been able to stain or identify the microbe. Using modified staining techniques, Koch was able to isolate and identify the responsible bacteria:  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Koch announced his discovery in March of 1882 at the Berlin Psychological Society. News of the discovery spread, quickly reaching the United States by April of 1882. This discovery brought Koch world-wide notoriety and acclaim. Next, as the head of the German Cholera Commission in 1883, Koch began investigating  cholera  outbreaks in Egypt and India. By 1884, he had isolated and identified the causative agent of cholera as  Vibrio cholerae. Koch also developed methods for controlling cholera epidemics that serve as the basis for modern day standards of control. In 1890, Koch claimed to have discovered a cure for tuberculosis, a substance he called tuberculin. Although tuberculin turned out  not to be a cure, Kochs work with tuberculosis earned him the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1905. Death and Legacy Robert Koch continued his investigative research into infectious diseases until his health began to fail in his early sixties. A few years prior to his death, Koch suffered a heart attack brought on by heart disease. On May 27, 1910, Robert Koch died in Baden-Baden, Germany at the age of 66. Robert Kochs contributions to microbiology and bacteriology have had a major impact on modern scientific research practices and the study of infectious diseases. His work helped to establish the germ theory of disease as well as to refute spontaneous generation. Kochs laboratory techniques and sanitation methods serve as the foundation for modern day methods for microbe identification and disease control. Sources Adler, Richard. Robert Koch and American Bacteriology. McFarland, 2016. Chung, King-thom, and Jong-kang Liu. Pioneers In Microbiology: The Human Side Of Science. World Scientific, 2017. Robert Koch - Biographical. Nobelprize.org, Nobel Media AB, 2014, www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/koch-bio.html. Robert Koch Scientific Works. Robert Koch Institute, www.rki.de/EN/Content/Institute/History/rk_node_en.html. Sakula, Alex. Robert Koch: Centenary of the Discovery of the Tubercle Bacillus, 1882. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 1983, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790283/.

Project Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Project Plan - Assignment Example Similarly, other team work based units can implement this system to control the team work process. Likewise, Teamworker will help students to do their projects well; because they do not need to utilize a number of different web based platforms (i.e. Facebook, Google Drive, DropBox etc) as a means of accomplishing a given task. Likewise, it promotes the overall efficiency and productivity of each member; as students no longer need to schedule a block of time in which they will all meet at a given geographic location and discuss the progress of their project. Teamworker is a web-based project that teams of up to six students to gain access to a platform that can facilitate the learning process and provide a level of oversight to those educators that seek to monitor it; prior to delivering a final grade. The benefits of such a platform are innumerable; however, perhaps the most important benefit has to do with the fact that the educators finally have a reliable means of measurement with regard to which team members did what and which team members did not pull their own weight for the project at hand. In terms of actual details that the portal requires, these are inclusive of team name/number, attribution of supervisors and/or tutors’ name as well required population of the project title, and finally a short description of the problem that the project seeks to address; in 100 words or less. After signing up, the team will receive an account number and password. Then, they will have access to their team page and update the team information or upload their assignments together with their meeting minutes. Moreover, as students can share their project files online, they can access the files easily and communicate with other members from only one website. A team can only have privileges and permissions to their only team pages; restricting their operations on the site to only their own team’s content. Yet, the tutors and supervisors can

Study proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Study - Research Proposal Example to Isabel Cavill – a senior retail analyst who specializes in luxury retail markets mentioned that China’s retail market can increase up to 14% between 2012 to 2013 (Red Luxury, 2012). To examine the impact of China’s economic growth on the luxury fashion market, this study will conduct a primary research survey study to determine the consumers’ willingness to spend on luxury goods in times of a strong economic growth. Basically, the first part of the proposed research methodology will focus on identifying the demographic profile of the research survey participants whereas the second part will focus on determining consumers’ purchasing habit in times of economic growth. (See Appendix I on page 5) A descriptive statistics such as the computation of frequency and percentage will be used to measure the research survey respondents’ demographic profile. Using anchors of 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree, a five-point Likert scale type of research questions will be used to determine the Chinese consumers’ willingness to purchase luxury items in times of economic growth (David and Sutton, p. 167). Branigan, T. (2011, April 26). The Guardian. Retrieved May 13, 2012, from Chinas taste for high-end fashion and luxury brands reaches new heights: Vogue China editions the size of a doorstop, 960,000 millionaires and rising, and now the aspirational class are buying: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/26/china-super-rich-demand-luxury-brands Hutzler, K. (2011, July 20). Luxury Daily. Retrieved May 13, 2012, from Chinese fashion market to triple in size over next 10 years: BCG: http://www.luxurydaily.com/six-trends-brands-need-to-be-aware-of-before-entering-chinese-market-study/ Red Luxury. (2012, February 15). Retrieved May 24, 2012, from How Does a Shifting Economy Impact China’s Luxury Market?:

Summarise the following papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Summarise the following papers - Essay Example is study by Jere (2004) who sought to review audit failure rates, costs of auditing, audit report research, auditor differentiation and audit quality, big-firm small-firm dichotomy, and the role of audit research in policy making. The paper began with a review of outright audit failure rates. It posited that an outright audit failure occurs when GAAPs are not enforced by the auditor and when an auditor fails to issue a modified or qualified audit report when the circumstances are appropriate. The failure renders the reports misleading to the users. Where does audit failure rate data come from? This question is also answered by Jere (2004) as the paper defines audit failure rate using business failure rates – failures of publicly listed companies. Another audit failure could be observed from consent decrees from the reports of Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAER). Further, the paper explains that data for audit failure rates could also be sourced from earnings restatements. The study found that the audit failure rates with significant economic consequences were infrequent, accounting for less than 1% annually. Jere (2004) also tackled the issue of audit fees and whether auditing was costly. The paper also found that audit fees were low at less than 0.1% of the client sales. The paper argues correctly that the fact that the auditing costs are very low does not necessarily suggest that the quality of audits is also low given that the audit failure rates are also very low. Auditing is therefore inexpensive. Jere’s (2004) meta-analysis revealed that despite the false positives and negatives, the audit reports were informative and therefore the audit quality was high. The author noted that auditors are not always accurate in their reporting and this can reduce the audit quality. Auditors tend to report more conservatively (false positives) but mostly fail to get it right when it matters (false negatives). What the false positives and negatives do is