Slavery in the mid 1800s - 1149 Words

From the early stages of colonization, the institution of slavery would continually become established within the United States. This creation not only functioned as a system of labor, but also as a system for regulating the relations between the races. The North and South profited greatly at the expense of shackled and separated families, up until the early 1800’s as the idea of slavery became a topic to be repeatedly examined. Slavery was not only a practice of owning a person, but controlling and ruling over every action that they take in order to benefit at their expense. These black men, women, and children did not have the same rights as white Americans living among them. In fact, they had no rights at all and no freedoms. They†¦show more content†¦Although they would not receive this freedom until 1864, blacks began to resist their master’s authority in many ways in the early 1800’s. The ways that a slave might rebel in this time were miniscule, a nd were all they needed to gain strength as a people united under this labor system. One way that slaves would resist their bondage was by running away. They did this by hiding in various places, such as a nearby forest or even another plantation where they might find another relative or friend. Some were lucky enough to get away for a while until they would most likely get caught and returned with much punishment. Another example of how African slaves would rebel would be to not work well, or by slowing down. By doing this, they would cost their masters more money. Similarly, labor unions would use this tactic in order to band together to bring about change in certain situations. Subtle ways in which slaves would resist their mistreatment would be to carelessly do their jobs. One might spit in their master’s drink, or misplace or break tools, and even fake illnesses. One might go as far as stealing from their master. They would take animals (for meat), produce, and certain l uxuries of the owner. These were small ways that slaves could make a statement, parallel to the work of labor unions to this day. Slaves also resisted by planning and organizing rebellions. A prominent one was known as the Stono Rebellion in 1739. ItShow MoreRelatedUnited States Undemocratic1012 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment. However, although they seemed to be democratic, the United States still had some undemocratic aspects. The United States during the mid-1800s believed that by giving people the right to vote on government issues and the right to vote for legislatures made their government democratic. However, not everyone was given the right to vote. During the mid-1800s, women were deprived from the right to vote. At the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, women gathered together to fight for the right to voteRead More1800s Transportation Us History1313 Words   |  6 Pages1800s Transportation In order to create regional, national and international markets, strong commerce, trade and transportation are necessary. During the 1800’s, social change became more prominent in different areas of the country such as the South and Midwest. As economic prosperity grew, the need for new and more efficient means of transportation grew as well. Through the development of new transportation technologies such as canals and railroads, America saw a large increase in the monetaryRead MoreAge of Reform in America1218 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican reform movements in the early to mid 1800#8217;s strived at improving our developing society. America was growing larger, and with the expanding population, many new ideas sprang up. Conflicting opinions between the people of the United States caused the emergence of an Age of Reform, where people tried to change things such as the educational system and women#8217;s rights. These movements were the result of our nation#8217;s self-determin ation and interest in improving the society weRead More Age Of Reform In America Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pages American reform movements in the early to mid 1800amp;#8217;s strived at improving our developing society. America was growing larger, and with the expanding population, many new ideas sprang up. Conflicting opinions between the people of the United States caused the emergence of an Age of Reform, where people tried to change things such as the educational system and womenamp;#8217;s rights. These movements were the result of our nationamp;#8217;s self-determination and interest in improvingRead MorePolitical Figures Henry Clay And Andrew Jackson1232 Words   |  5 PagesGovernment that still impacts how the country operates today is between political figures Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. Although Henry Clay never made it into presidency, he made many impactful decisions and events on behalf of our country. During the mid 1800’s, there was a rapid change in the economics, demographics, and social aspects of the growing United States deeply affecting the lives of citizens. At the root of these issues, Jackson and Clay worked at odd ends to influence how the country operatesRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain868 Words   |  4 Pagescan be learned as well as many characteristics of regionalism observed. This novel, which was considerably provocative for the time in which was published, is the story of a poorly educated southern boy helping a runaway slave to freedom in the mid 1800s. Huck, the main character, runs away from his abusive father, Pap, and goes on many adventures with his alleged murderer Jim, a runaway slave. In doing so, this troublesome pair learn much from each other as well as others along the way. They alsoRead Moreslavery and sectional attitudes721 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ DBQ #5: Slavery and Sectional Attitudes, 1830-1860 During the mid 1800’s many Americans began to have mix feelings over the issue of slavery. Many northern Americans believed that slavery was morally wrong and that it was an evil. Southerners on the other hand believed it was a good for the economy as well as for commerce. This great split of attitudes between the north and the south eventually led to threat of the civil war. The North saw the issue of slavery as an evil. They believedRead More slavery in 18th century Essay956 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery in 18th century Despite the horror of the word slavery we have to admit that slaves have played a big role in rising big empires. For example the Egyptians used slaves to build their majestic pyramids, the Chinese and Indian used slaves for large-scale construction and agricultural and the Hebrews also used slaves. Slaves were brought from Africa to the British American colonies to work in agriculture and farming, which among other factors made the British colonies in America become soRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pagesstory is set. The novel spans 43 chapters and tells readers the story of Huck’s escape down the Mississippi after his father’s return to the area of Hannibal. In the novel Huck battles his conscience, fights to get Jim back after he is sold into slavery for a second time, and ponders future adventures. The novel has been a source of controversy since its publication in 1884. An instant controversy was born with the novel’s publication.At the time society was still grappling with racism even thoughRead MoreAfrican American Culture in 1860 Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Early to Mid-1800’s Throughout American history, African Americans fought to establish their own culture. Even though they were silenced by white laws and stereotypes, African Americans created their own distinct culture, to a certain extent from 1800 to 1860. By mixing their African American traditions and Christian ideas, they formed a religion, their own version of Christianity. African American rebellions, though small and infrequent, were used to express their beliefs on slavery and add to

For three hours and a half in a courtroom at Boise, Ohio,...

For three hours and a half in a courtroom at Boise, Ohio, Harry Orchard assembled in the witness chair at the Haywood trial and recounted a record of offenses, slaughter, and murder†¦ the like of which no individual in the overcrowded courtroom had ever thought of. Not in the entire scope of Bloody Gulch literature will there be exposed anything that approaches an equivalent to the atrocious narrative so motionlessly, coolly, and composedly voiced by this audacious, disimpassioned man-slaughterer. For on his very first day of the trial, Orchard narrated the specifics of his wrongdoings without hesitation. Just last year, 1906, he with another fellow had implanted an explosive in the Vindicator Mine at Cripple Creek, Colorado, that†¦show more content†¦Only once or twice was there a dramatic touch. It was a repulsive, sickening, nauseating story, but he conveyed it as meekly as the simplest chronicle of the utmost common episode of the most ordinary reality. He was neit her an egotist nor an adulator. He neither bragged of his horrendous offenses nor sobbed in fake regret and shame. It was just a simple narration of individual practice, and as it went on, hour after hour, with voluminous detail, specific and intense here, half disremembered and ambiguous there. Slowly it conveyed to the spectators the belief that it all happened – it was the truth. Falsehoods are not prepared as convoluted and intricate as that tale. Fiction so full of incident, so mixed of purpose and cross-purpose, so permeated with the play of human passion, does not spring offhand from the most marvelous fertile invention. Touching continually points on which there can be controversy, Orchard described undertakings whose purpose until to-day had been unknown, whose motive had lingered as clandestine. And as he continued to recount his story, the half-stifled gathering in the populated courtroom was so silent that his soft speech infiltrated to the farthermost area. As I looked around the trial room, I noticed that to Haywood, the story was of

Deception Point Page 37 Free Essays

Ekstrom scowled. â€Å"So is it possible or not?† â€Å"Not on your life,† Norah said flatly. â€Å"Totally impossible. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 37 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would have hit pockets of brine ice in my core samples.† â€Å"Core samples are drilled essentially in random spots, right?† Rachel asked. â€Å"Is there any chance the cores’ placements, simply by bad luck, could have missed a pocket of sea ice?† â€Å"I drilled directly down over the meteorite. Then I drilled multiple cores only a few yards on either side. You can’t get any closer.† â€Å"Just asking.† â€Å"The point is moot,† Norah said. â€Å"Brine interstices occur only in seasonal ice-ice that forms and melts every season. The Milne Ice Shelf is fast ice-ice that forms in the mountains and holds fast until it migrates to the calving zone and falls into the sea. As convenient as frozen plankton would be for explaining this mysterious little phenomenon, I can guarantee there are no hidden networks of frozen plankton in this glacier.† The group fell silent again. Despite the stark rebuttal of the frozen plankton theory, Rachel’s systematic analysis of the data refused to accept the rejection. Instinctively, Rachel knew that the presence of frozen plankton in the glacier beneath them was the simplest solution to the riddle. The Law of Parsimony, she thought. Her NRO instructors had driven it into her subconscious. When multiple explanations exist, the simplest is usually correct. Norah Mangor obviously had a lot to lose if her ice-core data was wrong, and Rachel wondered if maybe Norah had seen the plankton, realized she’d made a mistake in claiming the glacier was solid, and was now simply trying to cover her tracks. â€Å"All I know,† Rachel said, â€Å"is that I just briefed the entire White House staff and told them this meteorite was discovered in a pristine matrix of ice and had been sealed there, untouched by outside influence since 1716, when it broke off of a famous meteorite called the Jungersol. This fact now appears to be in some question.† The NASA administrator was silent, his expression grave. Tolland cleared his throat. â€Å"I have to agree with Rachel. There was saltwater and plankton in the pool. No matter what the explanation is, that shaft is obviously not a closed environment. We can’t say it is.† Corky was looking uncomfortable. â€Å"Um, folks, not to sound like the astrophysicist here, but in my field when we make mistakes, we’re usually off by billions of years. Is this little plankton/saltwater mix-up really all that important? I mean, the perfection of the ice surrounding the meteorite in no way affects the meteorite itself, right? We still have the fossils. Nobody is questioning their authenticity. If it turns out we’ve made a mistake with the ice-core data, nobody will really care. All they’ll care about is that we found proof of life on another planet.† â€Å"I’m sorry, Dr. Marlinson,† Rachel said, â€Å"as someone who analyzes data for a living, I have to disagree. Any tiny flaw in the data NASA presents tonight has the potential to cast doubt over the credibility of the entire discovery. Including the authenticity of the fossils.† Corky’s jaw fell open. â€Å"What are you talking about? Those fossils are irrefutable!† â€Å"I know that. You know that. But if the public catches wind that NASA knowingly presented ice-core data that was in question, trust me, they will immediately start wondering what else NASA lied about.† Norah stepped forward, eyes flashing. â€Å"My ice-core data is not in question.† She turned to the administrator. â€Å"I can prove to you, categorically, that there is no brine ice trapped anywhere in this ice shelf!† The administrator eyed her a long moment. â€Å"How?† Norah outlined her plan. When she was done, Rachel had to admit, the idea sounded like a reasonable one. The administrator did not look so sure. â€Å"And the results will be definitive?† â€Å"One hundred percent confirmation,† Norah assured him. â€Å"If there’s one goddamn ounce of frozen saltwater anywhere near that meteorite shaft, you will see it. Even a few droplets will light up on my gear like Times Square.† The administrator’s brow furrowed beneath his military buzz cut. â€Å"There’s not much time. The press conference is in a couple of hours.† â€Å"I can be back in twenty minutes.† â€Å"How far out on the glacier did you say you have to go?† â€Å"Not far. Two hundred yards should do it.† Ekstrom nodded. â€Å"Are you certain it’s safe?† â€Å"I’ll take flares,† Norah replied. â€Å"And Mike will go with me.† Tolland’s head shot up. â€Å"I will?† â€Å"You sure as hell will, Mike! We’ll be tethered. I’d appreciate a strong set of arms out there if the wind whips up.† â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"She’s right,† the administrator said, turning to Tolland. â€Å"If she goes, she can’t go alone. I’d send some of my men with her, but frankly, I’d rather keep this plankton issue to ourselves until we figure out if it’s a problem or not.† Tolland gave a reluctant nod. â€Å"I’d like to go too,† Rachel said. Norah spun like a cobra. â€Å"The hell you will.† â€Å"Actually,† the administrator said, as if an idea had just occurred to him, â€Å"I think I’d feel safer if we used the standard quad tether configuration. If you go dual, and Mike slips, you’ll never hold him. Four people are a lot safer than two.† He paused glancing at Corky. â€Å"That would mean either you or Dr. Ming.† Ekstrom glanced around the habisphere. â€Å"Where is Dr. Ming, anyway?† â€Å"I haven’t seen him in a while,† Tolland said. â€Å"He might be catching a nap.† Ekstrom turned to Corky. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson, I cannot require that you go out with them, and yet-â€Å" â€Å"What the hell?† Corky said. â€Å"Seeing as everyone is getting along so well.† â€Å"No!† Norah exclaimed. â€Å"Four people will slow us down. Mike and I are going alone.† â€Å"You are not going alone.† The administrator’s tone was final. â€Å"There’s a reason tethers are built as quads, and we’re going to do this as safely as possible. The last thing I need is an accident a couple hours before the biggest press conference in NASA’s history.† 43 Gabrielle Ashe felt a precarious uncertainty as she sat in the heavy air of Marjorie Tench’s office. What could this woman possibly want with me? Behind the room’s sole desk, Tench leaned back in her chair, her hard features seeming to radiate pleasure with Gabrielle’s discomfort. â€Å"Does the smoke bother you?† Tench asked, tapping a fresh cigarette from her pack. â€Å"No,† Gabrielle lied. Tench was already lighting up anyway. â€Å"You and your candidate have taken quite an interest in NASA during this campaign.† â€Å"True,† Gabrielle snapped, making no effort to hide her anger, â€Å"thanks to some creative encouragement. I’d like an explanation.† Tench gave an innocent pout. â€Å"You want to know why I’ve been sending you e-mail fodder for your attack on NASA?† â€Å"The information you sent me hurt your President.† â€Å"In the short run, yes.† The ominous tone in Tench’s voice made Gabrielle uneasy. â€Å"What’s that supposed to mean?† â€Å"Relax, Gabrielle. My e-mails didn’t change things much. Senator Sexton was NASA-bashing long before I stepped in. I simply helped him clarify his message. Solidify his position.† â€Å"Solidify his position?† â€Å"Exactly.† Tench smiled, revealing stained teeth. â€Å"Which, I must say, he did quite effectively this afternoon on CNN.† Gabrielle recalled the senator’s reaction to Tench’s fence-buster question. Yes, I would act to abolish NASA. Sexton had gotten himself cornered, but he’d played out of the rough with a strong drive. It was the right move. Wasn’t it? From Tench’s contented look, Gabrielle sensed there was information missing. 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Event Management of the Golden Jubilee-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Event Management of the Golden Jubilee Celebration of the ABC Company. Answer: Introduction ABC Company in Singapore is a wholesale retailer of garments and clothing both in the country and abroad. It was established in 1967 with only a handful of people but at present it has more than 3000 people at their 30 stores spread all over the world. They also export raw materials and resources to other smaller companies as they believe that by helping others they will be able to develop their own company. On their 50th year of inception, they are very excited to celebrate the golden jubilee in a unique and extraordinary style. An event consultant was hired to plan the event and arrange it accordingly for making their golden year all the more bright and shiny. The whole report will look into the details of the glorious event (Andersson et al., 2013). Conceptualizing the event For organizing an event it is essential to formulate an idea which will be beneficial for the operation in a smooth way. To celebrate the golden jubilee of the ABC Company the event consultant had aimed to bring together all the stakeholders, internal and external publics of the company and others who are directly or indirectly connected. The event will be a three- day program which will include inauguration, refreshments, AGM, future prospects and cultural program. As it is the golden year so the main theme of the event will be to color everything with a golden splash. It will be held in the gorgeous Fullerton Bay hotel of Singapore on 18th 20th December 2017. The event was named as, glorious golden. There will be estimated invitees of around 5000 people in the event (Atkin Brooks, 2014). Destination The grand event will take place in the Fullerton Bay hotel of Singapore which is located at an amazing place on the bay where the visitors can experience a great view of the marina. The prominent location of the particular hotel is the heart of business, arts and culture. The popular and iconic cultural landmarks of the city are situated at a stone- throwing distance from the hotel as well as the shopping stores of Suntec City and the Orchard Road. The nearest metro railway station is a five- minutes walking distance and the nearest bus stop is also three minutes away. The Changi international airport is no more than thirty minutes drive from the hotel which contributes to its major access (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). Host Community and Impacts The social impact of an event is the most on the host communities with a strong financial impact. As the event of golden jubilee celebration is a high- profile event therefore the political implications are large. The impacts will involve the improvement of the image of the place which will allow other companies which will other companies to invest and it will flourish tourism. The environmental impacts include the use of eco- friendly products in the event by thinking about the long term sustainability effect. The cultural impact will vary among the diverse population of the place. The local community might have a different attitude towards the hosting of the event as they will have to suffer from certain negative effects (Brown et al., 2015). Sponsorship The sponsorship will be collected from advertisements and revenues. The stakeholders of the company will be approached and the current employees will also be requested to contribute for the grand event. Funds can be raised by various sources for adding to the investment of the company. The hotel and hospitality industry will also be approached for sponsorship. While collecting sponsorship the team of event management might find some sponsors who are doing this task for a long time. The sponsors will be related to the target market for the particular event which will be beneficial for them as well as for the company. Appendix 2 showcases a model of relationship in event sponsorship (Geraghty, 2016). Event Design There will be pick- up and drop down facilities for the guests who will come from far and accommodation for all of them. Breakfast, lunch and snacks are mandatory on all the three days but dinner will be served only on the first two days. The event will take place from 18th to 21st of December, 2017. The inauguration will be held on the 1st day at 10 am in the conference room of the hotel by the CEO and other dignitaries of the company (Wee, 2016). The inauguration will be followed by breakfast for the guests and a welcome note by the guest of honor. Then there will be an AGM which will discuss the past success of the company and the upcoming future prospects. After serving lunch, the guests will be entertained by showing short films and video clips made on the life on the companys journey and the interviews taken from each and every employee. The 1st day program will end at 5 pm with a round of snacks. The second day will present the guests with a one- day tour of the city which wil l end at 6 pm and then they will be served evening snacks. On the third day there will be cultural program from different states of the country and cake cutting with a concluding speech by the CEO of the company which will bring a musical closure to the 3- day long celebration (Getz, 2013). Segmentation and Targeting The main stages in strategic marketing are considered to be segmentation, targeting and positioning. It is an important part of event planning to develop a list of invitees for making correct marketing decisions (Stadler, Fullagar Reid, 2014). With a fixed target the correct strategy, price, promotion and place will be fixed. The market segmentation will be done on the basis of demographics, geography, psychographics and behavior. It will be considered that the segments are measurable, accessible, profitable and reachable. The specific event was also segmented to target most of the invitees which will be profitable for the market. This will help in highlighting the marketing budget and the promotional resources. It will help the event consultant to save time and money on the non- respondent target group (Getz et al., 2015). Urban Tourism and Regeneration The event of golden jubilee celebration is a striking example of tourism regeneration strategy led by business or corporate activities. Singapore being a industrial place has attempted to get over its tradition of deindustrialization and create an economy on the basis of their service by reconstructing the image. The hosting of the event had encouraged many foreign visitors to the place which enhanced Singapores profile. The event had provided jobs to many people by boosting urban tourism and paved the way for future events. Showcasing the beauty of Singapore to the foreign visitors will help in the regeneration of the place by tourism inflows gained from the representative (Gration et al., 2016). Event Evaluation For this event, the event consultant did not only pay attention to the perception of the guests in the event but also of the organizers themselves to get a lesson for developing their services in the future events. It is not a very long time that a larger view of the impact of the event has been taken into consideration rather than only economic impacts (Hallak et al., 2016). The sustainability and the environmental impacts are significantly taken into account when it comes to evaluation of the event. It is a tough challenge for the event organizers to make sure that there are a sufficient number of evaluated dimensions which will make way for holistic evaluation. The evaluation of events uses the tools of content analysis, visitor exit survey, economic impact assessment, social impact analysis and environment impact analysis (Rojek, 2014). In the given event of golden jubilee celebration of the ABC Company, the guests will be given feedback forms to be submitted in a drop box. After one week of the program the guests will be sent emails asking for suggestions as to how they can improve their services and what did the guests like in the previous event. A survey will be conducted online which will analyze the collected data and the findings received from the respondents. But there are problems in event evaluation if the opportunity to detect the fault is missed therefore strong focus should be given at the planning phase for effective implementation of the strategies. There are three critical factors of significance, success and sustainability in the approach of event evaluation (Jones, 2014). Fringe events The pre and post event activities are equally important in an event as they decide the effectiveness of the main event. The pre event activities involve proper planning and arrangements so that the main event can take place in a smooth way. The event consultant who was hired for arranging the event in the given scenario will need to make a detailed list so that nothing is missed out (Larson, Getz Pastras, 2015). He will have to allocate teams for separate activities within a stipulated time. The planning must be done by keeping in mind the immediate remedies to be used in emergency crisis situation. The partner program in this event will include the companies such as Archies from where the gift and decorative items were bought and the food and beverage company such as Wong Food and Beverage who provided refreshments. Then there were other partners such as the music and light companies and the tour and travels company. With the initiation of the partner program both the companies will get benefitted which will develop an effective business transaction. A partner program will help to define each and every partner of the company for valuing the customers (Leino, 2016). Evening program for the particular event will include the cultural program of different province which reflected a rich cultural and traditional history. Light snacks along with the tune of melody will give rise to a serene ambience for the audience present in the hall. They will be able to enrich themselves with the experience of something that was unknown and unseen till that day. The program also included a short play on the life of the employees at the ABC Company which broke their monotony of the daily work. The celebration also bridged the gap between the existing and the previous employees and paved the way for new opportunities (Martin, 2015). The success on the part of the event consultant will enable them to get contacts for further events. If they can get contacts for overseas events then they will be able to earn more than local events. The event management team can also use innovative ideas such as flashing their name in between the play or using colorful banners at the premises of the event. Flashing of their names will grab the attention of the guests and there is a chance that they might visit their next event. This visit might evoke another great opportunity for the company which will be helpful for them (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The event experience can be enhanced by involving the guests at the extreme level which enable a two- way communication. This involvement will let the guests enjoy the program and will feel the warm hospitality. Using more audio visual media will let the guests enjoy better than just speech and meeting (Getz, 2017). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that event consultant will be successful in his task if the guests who were invited are satisfied with the services provided to them. The success of the event consultant is associated with the success of the ABC Company. This is because there might be some individuals among the guests who can provide once in a lifetime opportunity for the specific company and it cannot be afforded to miss. This will not only help the company to develop but the country will also gain foreign income. Overall, the economy of the country will be affected in a positive way by boosting urban tourism and regeneration. So, it can be seen how the success of a big event can be advantageous to the company as well as the country. References Andersson, T. D., Getz, D., Mykletun, J., Jeger, K., Dolles, H. (2013). Factors influencing grant and sponsorship revenue for festivals.Event Management,17(3), 195-212. Atkin, B., Brooks, A. (2014).Total facility management. John Wiley Sons. Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brown, S., Getz, D., Pettersson, R., Wallstam, M. (2015). Event evaluation: definitions, concepts and a state of the art review.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,6(2), 135-157. Geraghty, D. P. (2016). ASCEPT-Celebration of 50 Years.Pharmacology International, (83), 31. Getz, D. (2013).Event tourism: concepts, international case studies, and research. Cognizant Communication Corporation. Getz, D. (2017). Keynote: Designing the Event Management Curriculum for the Future. Getz, D., Andersson, T., Vujicic, S., Robinson, R. N. (2015). Food events in lifestyle and travel.Event Management,19(3), 407-419. Gration, D., Raciti, M., Getz, D., Andersson, T. D. (2016). Resident Valuation of Planned Events: An Event Portfolio Pilot Study.Event Management,20(4), 607-622. Hallak, R., McCABE, V. S., Brown, G., Assaker, G. (2016). Segmenting Meeting and Event Management Organizations Based on Business Performance.Event Management,20(3), 383-393. Jones, M. (2014).Sustainable event management: A practical guide. Routledge. Larson, M., Getz, D., Pastras, P. (2015). The Legitimacy of Festivals and Their Stakeholders: Concepts and Propositions.Event Management,19(2), 159-174. Leino, J. (2016). Event management: Partner Seminar to Support Cooperation. Case: Altia. Martin, P. R. (2015). Reflections on the APS golden jubilee conference.InPsych: The Bulletin of the Australian Psychological Society Ltd,37(6), 28. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Rojek, C. (2014). Global event management: A critique.Leisure Studies,33(1), 32-47. Stadler, R., Fullagar, S., Reid, S. (2014). The professionalization of festival organizations: a relational approach to knowledge management.Event Management,18(1), 39-52. Wee, H. K. (2016).Modernization in Green: The Singapore Project of Sustainability Control. Asian Urban L