The Success of Stephen King as a Screenwriter Essay -- Stand by Me Ste

The Success of Stephen queen mole rat as a Screenwriter Movies are becoming more and more popular with new special effect and stories that are intriguing and gripping. Movies now have lasting effects on viewers, since the stories are becoming more involved and more in depth. Screenwriters are evermore trying to create better screenplays to have make into motion pictures, yet there are thousands, if not millions, of screenwriters out there trying to earn a wage. The Writers Guild of America reports that in one year an average of 40,000 screenplays will be submitted and out of those only 120 will be made into motion pictures. (Field 5) Stephen King, who has no affiliation to being a screenwriter, has written numerous novels that almost everyone knows without them having ever read one word. Stephen King has a way of life of writing that appeals to both readers and film lovers. King who is an author of books has beaten out millions of screenwriters in the flick business. Wh at is funny is that King himself does not expect a movie adaptation when he writes his stories. Stephen Kings writing style is the main reason why Kings novels are almost always frame on the big screen. King purposely uses images in his novels that tell stories themselves. These images help enhance the story as the reader reads Kings work. These images are ones made by the reader and are limited to just the images we see on screen. Of course some of the better King movies do have wonderful imaging that can be associated with the same image the reader would have made in his mind. One popular movie that was based on Kings work is Stand by Me, which has terrific examples of this imagery.Stand by Me is based on Kings novella The Body which can be ensnare in Different Seasons. The Body is a coming of age story approximately a boy named Gordie Lachance. Gordie is faced with the death of his brother, but is confused about his feelings. He knows he should be mourning for him, but he do es not seem to have any remorseful feelings towards his brother. The story is about Gordie and 3 of his last friends on a journey through the woods to find a dead body. Throughout their journey they face all types of obstacles and go through a series of ups and downs. In the end they find the body and face a climatic altercation with the neighborhood gang. The four boys end up scaring the gang onward and go home wi... ...y of Kings stories it is good to stop and actually take in the image that King is describing to us. The image that he gives us isnt just for graphic purposes but actually to enlighten the story. A lot of symbolism can be found in the images King chooses, as explained above. King has a directors mindset and uses images that a good director would use. Its up to the reader to take these images and learn and analyze them to fill gaps in the story. A story can become much more complete when looking at a picture rather than reading in amongst the lines.Works CitedBare Bones Conversations on Terror with Stephen King, ed. Tim Underwood and Chuck Miller (New York, NY Carroll & Graff Publishers, 1992) 282.Bergmooser, Mark. The Outsiders guide to selling to Hollywood. Writers house Vol. 78 (1998) 34.Field, Syd. Selling a Screenplay The Screenwriters Guide to Hollywood. New York, NY Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1989.King, Stephen. The Body. Different Seasons. New York Penguin Books USA, 1982. 293-436.Mayer, Geoff. Stand By Me, electron tube (9/1/1992) 56-59.Wukovits, John F. Stephen King. San Diego, CA Lucent Books, Inc., 1999.

John Adams Influence on America :: American History

John Adams Influence on America tail end ADAMS A SHORT BIOGRAPHY level 1301 U.S. HISTORY TO 1877 WHEN SEARCHING FOR THE intimately INFLUENTIAL person DURING THE EARLY U.S. HISTORY, GEORGE WASHINGTON make itS TO THE FOREFRONT. INCIDENTLY, DUE TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE RESEARCH, THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT discipline ON PEOPLE OR EVENTS ON HISTORY BEFORE 1877. TO MY SURPRISE, INFORMATION WAS LOCATED ON JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS. JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS SUPPOSIVELY HAD A WONDERFUL LIFE AND union TOGETHER. JOHN ADAMS SOMETIMES SEEMED TO BE A CONTRADICTING, stark(a) AND OUTSPOKEN MAN, moreover AT OTHER TIMES PLAYFUL AND TENDER. ABIGAILS INTELLIGENT, CARING AND WITTY CHARACTER MADE UP FOR JOHNS MANNERS, THEIR MARRIAGE SIGNIFIES THE POSITION IN WHICH A cleaning woman WAS INVOLVED IN THE EVOLVING OF A GREAT MAN, FOR HER IMPORTANT FAMILY CONNECTIONS PROBABLY BENEFITED HIS CAREER. JOHN ADAMS WAS BORN IN 1735, BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS TO JOHN ADAMS AND SUSANNA BOYLSTON. JOHN ADAMS W AS THE firstborn OF THREE SONS. MR ADAMS WAS A DEACON AND FARMER (WHICH MEANT THE FAMILY WAS NOT WEALTHY). MRS ADAMS WAS BORN FROM maven OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS (THE BOYLSTONS OWNED A chain reactor OF PROPERTY). JOHN ADAMS gradatory FROM HARVARD IN 1755. UPON GRADUATING, HE WAS OFFERED A JOB TO TEACH IN WORCHESTER. LIKE MOST BACHELORS, JOHN HAD NO INTEREST IN CHILDREN OR THE SLIGHTEST UNDERSTANDING OF THEM. besides LIKE ANYONE HE ADAPTED TO THE SITUATION, PROBABLY BECAUSE HE HAD 2 YOUNGER BROTHERS. JOHN MARRIED ABIGAIL SMITH IN 1764. ABIGAIL WAS THE SECOND OF quadruple CHILDREN, BORN IN 1744. ABIGAIL WAS A MINISTERS DAUGHTER ( REV WILLIAM SMITH ) FROM THE NEARBY TOWN OF WEYMOUTH. SHE KNEW OF JOHN THROUGH A COUSIN, HANNAH QUINCY. JOHN WOULD COME TO HER HOUSE WITH HER childS (MARY) FINANCEE (MR CRANCH). JOHN AND ABIGAIL BEGAN DATING ON THE DAY THE FAMILY PLANNED HER SISTERS WEDDING. JOHN THOUGHT ABIGAIL WAS THE MOST EDUCATED WOMAN HE HAD MET. ABIGAILS MOTHER, ELI ZABETH QUINCY, DIDNT THINK TOO HIGHLY OF JOHN BECAUSE SHE THOUGHT LAWYERS WERE WICKED. THEY COURTED FOR SOME TIME. MRS SMITH WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELAY, SUPPOSIVELY SHE COULD NOT BARE TO LOSE TWO DAUGHTERS IN ONE YEAR. UPON MARRIAGE TO JOHN, ABIGAIL MOVED TO BRAINTREE. SHE HAD TO TRANSITION FROM THE POSITION OF A FIRST FAMILY OF WEYMOUTH TO THE MODEST SOCIAL STANDING OF THE ADAMS. SOMEHOW ABIGAIL FOLLOWED THE SAME STEPS AS JOHNS MOTHER (THE BOYLSTON, WAS ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS) WHO THOUGHT TO HAVE MARRIED BENEATH HER WHEN SHE CHOSE JOHN ADAMS.John Adams Influence on America American HistoryJohn Adams Influence on AmericaJOHN ADAMS A SHORT BIOGRAPHY HISTORY 1301 U.S. HISTORY TO 1877 WHEN SEARCHING FOR THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSON DURING THE EARLY U.S. HISTORY, GEORGE WASHINGTON COMES TO THE FOREFRONT. INCIDENTLY, DUE TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE RESEARCH, THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION ON PEOPLE OR EVENTS ON HISTORY BEFORE 1877. TO MY SURPRISE, I NFORMATION WAS LOCATED ON JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS. JOHN AND ABIGAIL ADAMS SUPPOSIVELY HAD A WONDERFUL LIFE AND MARRIAGE TOGETHER. JOHN ADAMS SOMETIMES SEEMED TO BE A CONTRADICTING, RUDE AND OUTSPOKEN MAN, BUT AT OTHER TIMES PLAYFUL AND TENDER. ABIGAILS INTELLIGENT, CARING AND WITTY CHARACTER MADE UP FOR JOHNS MANNERS, THEIR MARRIAGE SIGNIFIES THE POSITION IN WHICH A WOMAN WAS INVOLVED IN THE EVOLVING OF A GREAT MAN, FOR HER IMPORTANT FAMILY CONNECTIONS PROBABLY BENEFITED HIS CAREER. JOHN ADAMS WAS BORN IN 1735, BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS TO JOHN ADAMS AND SUSANNA BOYLSTON. JOHN ADAMS WAS THE ELDEST OF THREE SONS. MR ADAMS WAS A DEACON AND FARMER (WHICH MEANT THE FAMILY WAS NOT WEALTHY). MRS ADAMS WAS BORN FROM ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS (THE BOYLSTONS OWNED A LOT OF PROPERTY). JOHN ADAMS GRADUATED FROM HARVARD IN 1755. UPON GRADUATING, HE WAS OFFERED A JOB TO TEACH IN WORCHESTER. LIKE MOST BACHELORS, JOHN HAD NO INTEREST IN CHILDREN OR THE SLIGHTEST UNDERSTANDING OF THE M. BUT LIKE ANYONE HE ADAPTED TO THE SITUATION, PROBABLY BECAUSE HE HAD TWO YOUNGER BROTHERS. JOHN MARRIED ABIGAIL SMITH IN 1764. ABIGAIL WAS THE SECOND OF FOUR CHILDREN, BORN IN 1744. ABIGAIL WAS A MINISTERS DAUGHTER ( REV WILLIAM SMITH ) FROM THE NEARBY TOWN OF WEYMOUTH. SHE KNEW OF JOHN THROUGH A COUSIN, HANNAH QUINCY. JOHN WOULD COME TO HER HOUSE WITH HER SISTERS (MARY) FINANCEE (MR CRANCH). JOHN AND ABIGAIL BEGAN DATING ON THE DAY THE FAMILY PLANNED HER SISTERS WEDDING. JOHN THOUGHT ABIGAIL WAS THE MOST EDUCATED WOMAN HE HAD MET. ABIGAILS MOTHER, ELIZABETH QUINCY, DIDNT THINK TOO HIGHLY OF JOHN BECAUSE SHE THOUGHT LAWYERS WERE WICKED. THEY COURTED FOR SOME TIME. MRS SMITH WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELAY, SUPPOSIVELY SHE COULD NOT BARE TO LOSE TWO DAUGHTERS IN ONE YEAR. UPON MARRIAGE TO JOHN, ABIGAIL MOVED TO BRAINTREE. SHE HAD TO TRANSITION FROM THE POSITION OF A FIRST FAMILY OF WEYMOUTH TO THE MODEST SOCIAL STANDING OF THE ADAMS. SOMEHOW ABIGAIL FOLLOWED THE SAME STEPS AS JOHNS MOTHER (THE BOYLSTON, WAS ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES OF MASSACHUSETTS) WHO THOUGHT TO HAVE MARRIED BENEATH HER WHEN SHE CHOSE JOHN ADAMS.

Foundations of Psychology Essay -- What Is Psychology, Define Psycholo

When psychology first emerged as a science, the process of explaining the human mind and human look began. In this essay we will present a brief synopsis of what psychology is and introduce the reader to the primary biological foundations of psychology that are linked to behavior as well as introducing the reader to the major schools of thought in psychology. In Kowalski and Westen Fifth Edition of Psychology, psychology is define as the scientific probe of mental processes such as thinking, remembering, feeling, and behavior. Understanding a person requires attention to the individuals biology, psychological experience, and cultural place setting.(Kowalski & Weston, 2009, p. 4). Each component is necessary in formulating who the individual is. As we delve into history, we must be cautious in our analyzation of human behavior and the human mind that we do not contri providede our analyzation to a single thought or process as many times it may be a conglomeration of events or ite ms that contribute to the overall imprint of a persons psychological process. Furthermore, Kowalski specifies in his writing that humans are complex creatures whose psychological experience lies at the intersection of biology and culture.(Kowalski & Weston, 2009, p. 3). He expounds upon this fact by stating that all psychological processes occur through the interaction of cells in the nervous system and all human action occurs in the context of cultural beliefs and values that render it meaningful. (Kowalski & Weston, 2009, p. 3).The primary biological foundation of psychology is linked to biopsychology. Biopsychology is an extension of psychology that analyzes our brains and the neurotransmitter that are prevalent in our nervous system... ... internalized. Sigmund Freud lead elements of id, ego and superego when implemented together explained human behavior even in the most complex form. Psychology has many roles in the greater realm of science, but I will always believe that the most profound role of psychology is to enable humans to have a better understanding of their egotism and their world. Psychology delves into the deeper levels of the mind and intrigues us with the various theories and observations of our mental and physical capacities and although there are many schools of thought, each school of thought opens our mind to new theories and concepts that spread out our brains to boundaries unlimitedWorks CitedKowalski, R. & Westen, D. (2009). Psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. Functional Psychology. (2011). Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_psychology

Fear of Polio in the 1950s Essay -- Disease Illness

Fear of Polio in the 1950sParalytic poliomyelitis, polio, held a reign of terror over this nation for decades. But unless you were born onward 1955, polio may seem to be just an otherwise ephemeral disease that has been nonexistent for years. Those born before 1955 remember having a great timidity of this horrible disease which crippled thousands of once active, healthy children. This disease had no cure and no identified causes, which made it all the more terrifying. People did everything that they had through in the past to prevent the spread of disease, such as quarantining areas, but these tactics never seemed to work. Polio could not be contained. Many people did not have the money to care for a family member with polio. This was one of the reasons the guinea pig Foundation for Infantile Paralysis was organized. The March of Dimes, the fund raiser headed by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, raised thousands and thousands of dollars to help people care for their polio stricken family members and to aid in the cost of research for a vaccine that would spew an end to this misery that affected the lives of so some people.Poliomyelitis was the term used by doctors to describe the condition in which the gray (polios) anterior case of the spinal chord (myelos) was inflamed (-itis). Until a cure was discovered, no one had the slightest idea where polio had come from or why it paralyzed so many children. People learned later that, oddly enough, it was the improved sanitary conditions which caused children to be attacked by the virus. Since people were no longer in contact with open sewers and other unsanitary conditions which had exposed them to small amounts of the polio virus as infants, when paralysis is rare, the dis... ...dy of Poliomyelitis, 1954 Medicine (September 1992) 316-320, at p. 317.23. Smith, pp. 126-27.24. Enders, pp. 317-18.25. Dorothy Horstmann, one-third Landmark Articles about Poliomyelitis, Medicine (September 1992) 320-2 5, at p. 322.26. Horstmann, p. 322.BibliographyAtkinson, William. Epidemiology and bar of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Washington Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996.Beneson, Abram. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. New York The American Public Health Association, 1970.Enders, John. Some Recent Advances in the Study of Poliomyelitis, 1954. Medicine. Sept. 1992 316-20. (reprinted)Horstmann, Dorothy. Three Landmark Articles about Poliomyelitis. Medicine. Sept. 1992 320-25.Smith, Jane S. Patenting the Sun Polio and the Salk Vaccine. New York William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990.

The True Hero of Homers The Iliad Essay -- Home Poetry Poem Iliad Ess

The True Hero of Homers The IliadThe Iliad is a story in which many men should be recognized as great war heroes. They all yield a tremendous amount of courage to fight in such a barbaric battle. But this paper?s main focus is amidst two great leaders of opposing sides. Achilles, who represents the Achaians and hector, who represents the Trojans. Though both show their bravery during many different instances in the poem, it?s quite obvious to the lecturer who the better of the two is. The rest of this paper will prove why Hector is a greater hero in comparison to Achilles.The reader is introduced to Achilles in the first book of the poem. King Agamemnon and Achilles be having a conflict over a woman. But if you read deeper into the conflict it has more to do with honor. Honor seems to be the most important thing to all of the characters in the poem. In book two, after the argument between Achilles and King Agamemnon has bonk to a hault, Achilles has already immovable not to def end his army. He feels the king has dishonored him, by refusing to give him Chryseis.So for about of the war he did not help his fellow brothers in battle, instead he chose to pout for more than half of the poem. He knew that he was desperately needed at one point and still refused to assist in battle. He kept tabs on everything that was going on by sending out Patroklos to Nestor. Nestor would keep him up to date with the daily occurrences. There are three separate occasions where things weren?t going in favor of Achilles, and he would cry. His tears were so heavy and his cries so loud that his mother would come down from the heavens (She is a goddess) to offer her assi... ...his life. The battle was very intense and the poem gives a great description of the occurrences. The reader can easily draw and quarter a mental image of the scene. Their final battle was described from the setting in the sky, all the way to Achilles? spear ripping through the flesh in Hectors neck.. I cou ld almost hear the clanking of the weapons of the two warriors. In my opinion if Achilles would?ve been in battle for as long as Hector he wouldn?t have won. Hector died fighting for his country and that was believed to be the greatest honor of them all. If you take the two characters and hold them up next to one another on that point isn?t even a question in my mind as to who portrays the more heroic role. Achilles fought in the end because he blamed himself for the death of his friend. Hector fought for his country, his family, and for his honor.

The True Hero of Homers The Iliad Essay -- Home Poetry Poem Iliad Ess

The True Hero of Homers The IliadThe Iliad is a story in which numerous men should be recognized as great war heroes. They all testify a tremendous amount of courage to fight in such(prenominal) a barbaric battle. But this paper?s main focus is between two great leaders of opposing sides. Achilles, who represents the Achaians and Hector, who represents the Trojans. Though both show their bravery during many different instances in the poem, it?s quite obvious to the reader who the better of the two is. The rest of this paper will prove why Hector is a greater hero in comparison to Achilles.The reader is introduced to Achilles in the first agree of the poem. King Agamemnon and Achilles are having a conflict everywhere a woman. But if you read deeper into the conflict it has more to do with watch. Honor seems to be the most important thing to all of the characters in the poem. In book two, after the argument between Achilles and King Agamemnon has come to a hault, Achilles has alre ady decided not to defend his army. He feels the king has dishonored him, by refusing to extend him Chryseis.So for about of the war he did not help his fellow brothers in battle, instead he chose to pout for more than half of the poem. He knew that he was desperately needed at one point and still refused to assist in battle. He kept tabs on everything that was going on by direct out Patroklos to Nestor. Nestor would keep him up to date with the daily occurrences. There are three separate occasions where things weren?t going in elevate of Achilles, and he would cry. His tears were so heavy and his cries so loud that his mother would come down from the heavens (She is a goddess) to offer her assi... ...his life. The battle was very profound and the poem gives a great description of the occurrences. The reader can easily get a mental image of the scene. Their final battle was described from the backcloth in the sky, all the way to Achilles? spear ripping through the flesh in H ectors neck.. I could almost hear the clanking of the weapons of the two warriors. In my tactile sensation if Achilles would?ve been in battle for as long as Hector he wouldn?t have won. Hector died fighting for his country and that was believed to be the greatest honor of them all. If you take the two characters and hold them up next to one another there isn?t even a question in my mind as to who portrays the more heroic role. Achilles fought in the end because he blamed himself for the death of his friend. Hector fought for his country, his family, and for his honor.

Anti-hero on Clockwork Orange and the film Unforgiven

The Idea of an antithesis to an anti-hero began its first appear in literature as early as in the Greek novel get in Quixote, but the bloom of a modern time anti-hero washbowl be traced back to the period of Ro earthticism. Through the view of an anti-hero, we are ultimately challenged to look at ourselves and our contemporary world and recognize the complexity of human condition.In Clockwork Orange and Unforgiving, the dichotomies relationship between two protagonists Alex and Will Mummy has demonstrated our deeper understanding of the notion of an anti-hero. Alex represents the park men chained by society and their get insignificance and shaped by his world. In abstract, he is Just a representation of his world the Slot machines At the train station symbolizes the corruption of contemporary incorrupts and t lid Alex is Just another reflection of this world. Similarly, the subverted motif of milk in the text exposes a dual depiction of Innocence and transgression.Far from bei ng symbols of purity and nurture, Innocent milk which Alex drinks portrays the child-Like act contaminated as an instrument to heighten their inclination for ultra violence, furthering the idea hat Alex is a product of his environment. In other words, Alex is the inevitable socially and environmentally influenced personality of our nature and our world. Also, Alex shows common traits of anti-hero, the absolute lack of masculinity and heroism d atomic number 53 his acts of violence and impotency.His vandalism In the train To pass the three minute ride Suggests that violence Is a source of entertainment and amusement In the matters of something as simple and common as time. Even though his brutality and ignorance are immature and despicable, it is also that sense of free rein to his violent impulses which makes him human. When violence is apply against him and makes him good, it implies that that goodness is inauthentic and only driven by deterministic mechanism.Therefore, Alex il lustrates that true goodness comes from within and evil is requirement in being a complete human being. On the other hand, Will Mummy depicts a starkly opposite anti-heroic qualities to Alex but an anti-hero that Is far Innately human condition. The literal simile of Will Mummy rolling in mud emphasizes everything he sacrificed to become a decent paternal figure. Likewise, he recognizes and accepts his past virtuously baseless man that killed Everything that walks or crawls at one time or another. , and thus indicating he is debased of any pretension.The close shot of Will rejecting a free one represents his self-actualization which pervades the film until Will divorces his quest. Throughout the film, his Incessant allusion to his wife as the reason for his arc of change highlights that we as humans are complex, to a greater extent confusing and more relating by our nature. Moreover, the old western setting in unforgiving effectively lends itself to the anti-hero. In such harsh and desolate environment, Wills financial hardship leads IM to be morally ambiguous to survive and allows him to commit villainous acts for good reason.In addition, the sense of lawlessness In the Old West empowers the significant role of the sheriff as the absolute avatar of law. Similar to Will ruthless enforcements. Not only that, Little Bills dramatic foil highlights the utilization of violence in Wills morally ambiguous quest. Through Will, we can identify the scarred humanity innately progressing through the world. In the comparison of Alex and Will Mummy, amalgamation of good and evil, use of violence and ironic moral ambiguity could be understood as a full-value representative of an anti-hero.It is clear that in spite of differences in background and social frailties, both protagonists employ violence in defense of individuality or to survive. The dark side of Wills nature resurfaces at the end revealing his failure to remain a noble man, and Alex is deprived of the misad venture to choose which signifies free will and existence of the self. Moreover, the visual depiction of Will and Ales anti-heroism motivates us to reflect more on our self-actualization and positions us to hate and feel moral ambiguity bout the character and towards the character.They are portrayed to have flaws but held fast to their true nature, and thus show the real human nature. To conclude, the two divided characters are Juxtaposed and combined to represent two anti- heroes that we can realistically and sympathetically relate to in spite of their undesirable true nature, furthering that they are necessary and fundamental part of human nature. Therefore, the realistic traits of an anti-hero exemplify the complex human nature and ultimately connect us to their lack of conventional greatness and our own world and humanity.

Patient Satisfaction

Patient triumph is critic in ally important to the health keeping industry today due to the competitive nature of the field. Patients call for more choices when it comes to seeking medical attention, and infirmarys are dependent on return business to stay operational. Hospitals imbibe traditionally utilized the semi- tete-a-tete room model in set up to add profitability. A semi-private room is a room per centumd by two unhurrieds. Each uncomplaining is given their own bed, but they comm completely share a single bathroom. Unfortunately the financial practice of using semi-private rooms comes at the expense of diligent satisfaction.Research has shown that private rooms maturation uncomplaining role satisfaction, beca utilize of the decreased likelihood of nosocomial infection, a quieter environment, and the inherent privacy afforded when conducting patient care. Nosocomial Infection Perhaps the biggest challenge facing healthcare today is the pandemic of infirmary a cquired (nosocomial) infection. Patients come to the hospital for varying degrees of injury, or queasyness with the expectation of receiving medical treatment. What they are non expecting is exposure to potentially life threatening infections during their stay. agree to a joint study by Jimma University and Addis Ababa University the most common causative agent found in nosocomial infection is Staphylococcus aureus. This harmful pathogen mass be transmitted via direct or indirect contact. This means the pathogen mass be transmitted by patient to patient contact, staff to patient contact, or the sharing of a common surface like a toilet seat (Bereket et al. , 2012). Patients in private rooms are far less in all probability to come into contact with each other, shared surfaces, or shared medical equipment all of which can harbor infectious microorganisms (Skocynska et al. , 2012).Standardizing the practice of private rooms can greatly reduce nosocomial infection rates within pati ent populations. Patients who contract nosocomial infection are bound to have lower satisfaction rates. By reducing the nosocomial infection rate hospitals can ensure increase patient satisfaction. To make matters worse strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are becoming commonplace. MRSA is easily ancestral and resistant to most commonly used antimicrobial agents (Bereket et al. , 2012). Nosocomial infections such as MRSA result in increased length of stay, lavishlyer morbidity rates, and increased cost of hospital care.Recent studies have shown that each exposure to a new roommate in the hospital setting results in a 10% increase in the take chances of acquiring MRSA (Stall, 2012). Private rooms eliminate the possibility of exposure to MRSA infection related to roommates in the hospital setting, which vastly reduces the rate of hospital acquired MRSA infections amongst all patient populations. Reducing the spread of MRSA can result in decreased length of stay, lower morbidity rates, and decreased cost of hospitalization. A hospital concerned about patient satisfaction can see the value that private rooms have to offer when it comes to reducing MRSA exposure.Proper hygiene is besides of major concern where nosocomial infection is concerned. Unfortunately staff members are usually to blame for spreading infectious microorganisms from one patient to the next. Studies have shown healthcare professionals are more likely to perform hand hygiene between patient rooms rather than between beds in the same room (Bereket et al. , 2012). This is non necessarily due to a failing on the part of healthcare professionals, but a failing of healthcare systems utilizing semi private rooms.Take this scenario for object lesson a nurse is working with a patient in a semiprivate room when suddenly the bed alarm goes off on the attached bed. The roommate is an elderly female with Alzheimers-dementia who recently fell at home and suffered a fractured hip. The nurs e has already been in physical contact with one patient and now has to take action in order to prevent the roommate from falling. The nurse must act quickly to prevent a fall-related injury and does non have time to perform hand hygiene before assisting the roommate back to bed.This nurse would not have been put in such a position had her patients been placed in private rooms to begin with. Standardizing the use of private rooms prevents situations such as the above from occurring, promotes proper hand hygiene amongst healthcare professionals, and protects patients from unnecessary exposure to nosocomial infection. Peace and Quiet Nosocomial infection is not the only issue having a devastating effect on patient satisfaction. In fact the most common complaints in hospitals today are noise related (Eggertson, 2012).With patient satisfaction being of paramount enormousness hospital systems should be paying close attention to what bothers their patients. Loud roommates, visitors, medi cal alarms, and television sets can worsen an already noisy environment for a patient trying to get some much pick uped rest. Some patients need more frequent monitoring than others. A post-operative patient may need to have their vital signs checked hourly, a diabetic may need to have their blood sugars checked regularly, and a patient on a high risk infusion may need changeless monitoring.This can be extremely disrupting for the patient in the neighboring bed. Some patients may also have legion(predicate) visitors, watch TV late at night, or be just generally disruptive to their neighbor. Private rooms may not address all noise complaints in the hospital, but pull up stakes at the very least resolve those related to roommates. Considering this issue is the number one patient complaint in hospitals today it is guaranteed to increase patient satisfaction. In addition to being the number one patient complaint excessive noise has been proven to cause rest disturbances in hospital ized patients.Sleep disturbances result in increased lengths of stay, increased morbidity, and higher costs of care (Buxton et al. , 2012). Patients recovering from surgery or acute illness need undisturbed rest periods for proper healing. An unnecessarily extended, complicated, and expensive hospital stay caused by cessation deprivation is extremely detrimental to patient satisfaction. Private rooms increase the quality of sleep, reduce lengths of stay, decrease morbidity, and result in a lower cost of care. These factors result in increased patient satisfaction.Noise-related issues in hospitals not only affect the adult population, but can have deleterious effects on the infant population as well. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often places infants in nurseries where multiple babies are cared for in the same room. NICUs consist of high risk infants with varying degrees of illness. Some of the infants being cared for require constant monitoring and intervention. This can result in a very ill infant receiving care that involves noisy alarms, life saving machinery, and ongoing care-related activity. The result is sleep disturbances, increased tress levels, and compromised healing processes for all infants in the room. Placing infants in private rooms eliminates the noise concerns created by the delivery of care for other infants and facilitates family interaction with the ill infant (Feldman, 2009). This results in better outcomes for the infants and happier parents. Considering the fact that infants are not old enough to make decisions regarding where to seek medical treatment, it is necessary for hospitals to recognize that parental scholarship of infant care is of paramount importance to patient satisfaction.Respecting Privacy Another large concern affecting patient satisfaction is related to patient privacy. In 1996 the U. S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) instituted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in order to protect patient privacy (HHS, 2013). HIPAA violations can have a devastating effect on a hospitals financial health, with each violation resulting in up to $1. 5 million in penalties annually (AMA, 2012). In a financially unstable economy with reimbursement rates at an all time low these penalties can add to existing budget deficits.Budget deficits in a healthcare system result in understaffing, which leads to disgruntled employees and higher patient-to-staff ratios. Understaffing leads to the degradation of patient care. A prime example of this is call bell repartee time. Patients do not appreciate having to wait twenty minutes for a staff member to respond to a call button. When there is a high patient to staff ratio the time it takes for staff to respond to each patient call lengthens. Unfortunately when hospital administrators make budget cuts, cutting staffing is usually where they begin.Private rooms can help prevent HIPAA violations from occurring during the deliver y of care, which can save a hospital millions of dollars in penalties, and allow greater financial resources for staffing needs. A financially healthy hospital can afford to keep a reasonable patient-to-staff ratio, which allows for staff members to deliver quality care in a seasonably fashion, and results in greater patient satisfaction. The financial repercussions of HIPAA violations are not the only concern when it comes to patient privacy. Patient perception of measures taken to protect privacy during hospitalization has a great impact on patient satisfaction.Performing patient care while maintaining a patients right to privacy is nearly impossible in a semi-private room. A study conducted by Juliet Whitehead and Dr. Herman Wheeler shows that patients define and conceptualize privacy by the following criteria Privacy of information, e. g. having ones conversation being not over heard. Privacy of soulfulness and body, e. g. not being viewed during ones private moments. Having o nes own personal space. (Whitehead & Wheeler, 2008). The very concept of sharing a room with another person makes it extremely difficult to conceptualize having personal space.The delivery of care almost always involves private bodily functions and the sharing of private information. Privacy cannot be sanely protected in the delivery of care when two patients share a room with nothing but a curtain separating them. Private rooms increase a patients perception of the privacy they experience during their stay, which is of great importance in increasing patient satisfaction levels. The most common form of HIPAA violations occur when healthcare is being delivered to a patient in the presence of others without obtaining the patients informed consent (Ziel, 2004).In a semi-private room a nurse has to ask her patient if it is OK to discuss details of the patients care in front of anyone who happens to be present at the moment. If the patient does not agree the nurse is required to provid e a private setting in which to discuss, or deliver care. This means that if a patient is in a semi-private room the nurse is required to move her patient to a private area, or ask the roommate to leave while care is performed. In reality it does not happen this way in the hospital setting. Care is delivered regardless of whether or not there is a roommate present.Nurses do ask visitors to leave the room while delivering care if a patient requests, but do not ask other patients to do so. This means that privacy violations occur multiple times a day to patients in semi-private rooms. The use of private rooms makes it much easier to deliver care while protecting patient privacy and thereby increases patient satisfaction. Conclusion With the ever growing question indicating that private rooms increase patient satisfaction it is truly a wonder why some hospital systems continue to argue against the switch to private patient rooms.Whether by decreasing nosocomial infection rates, provid ing quieter environments, or increasing patient privacy the use of private rooms clearly has a substantiating impact on patient satisfaction. In an extremely competitive economy where patients have a choice where they will seek medical attention it seems only logical that patient satisfaction should be a top priority when considering the choice between private or semi-private rooms. Hospitals that chose to listen to their patient population will soon realize that private rooms result in greater patient satisfaction and return business.ReferencesAmerican medical examination Association (2013). HIPAA Violations and Enforcement. Retrieved from https//www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions-man aging-your-practice/coding-billing-insurance/hipaahealth-insurance-portability-accountability-act/hipaa-violations-enforcement.page Bereket, W., Hemalatha, K., Getenet, B., Wondwossen, T., Solomon, A., Zeynudin, A., & Kannan, S. (2012). update on bacterial nosocomial infections.E uropean Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences,16(8), 1039-1044. Buxton, O., Ellenbogen, J., Wang, W., Carballeira, A., OConnor, S., Cooper, D., & Solet, J. (2012). Sleep disruption due to hospital noises a prospective evaluation.Annals of inside Medicine,157(3), 170-179. doi10.7326/0003-4819-157-3-201208070-00472 Eggertson, L. (2012). Hospital noise.The Canadian Nurse,108(4), 28-31. Feldman, L. (2009). Patient safety. Private rooms becoming the standard in NICUs. Hospitals & Health Networks/AHA, 83(11), 10. Lorenz, S., & Dreher, H. (2011). Hospital room design and health outcomes of the aging adult.Herd,4(2), 23-35. Skoczyska, A., Sadowy, E., Krawiecka, D., Czajkowska-Malinowska, M., Ciesielska, A., Przybylski, G., & Hryniewicz, W. (2012). Nosocomial outbreak of Streptococcus pneumoniae Spain9VST15614 clone in a pulmonary diseases ward.Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewntrznej,122(7-8), 361-366. Stall, N. (2012). Private rooms a choice between infection and profit. CMAJ Cana dian Medical Association Journal = Journal De Lassociation

Public Smoking Ban In The UK

Smoking is a major income to the government it brings in about 10 billion pounds annu everyy. The government has proceeded to raise the tax rate of tobacco above the inflation rate from 1993 to the present day, this was implemented to help avoid consumption further.This indemnity has resulted that tax on tobacco in the UK is amongst the highest in the world and far ahead of any of those in other EU member states. For example the harm of a typical pack of cigarettes in the UK is currently 5.54, whilst in Belgium the price is about 2.70 and in Latvia they retail at a mere 42p.The cost to the NHS of ingest related illnesses is generally not believed to outweigh the income the government makes out of tobacco sales.The government is being very hypocritical of themselves because a large amount of humanity money comes from the tax of cigarettes but at the same time the government is trying to stop sight form bullet by tossning people to smoke in public places and also with adverts o n television urging people to stop smoking. in that respect has been a lot of opposition to the smoking ban of which the product lines have been that the ban forget be disastrous to small pubs that rely on smokers to keep their business afloat. Small pub landlords have said that they lead loose vital trade from people who normally go out to the pub to have a smoke and a pint who now will stay at home instead and smoke and drink there. A knock on effect of the economic down turn is perceived to be a loss of jobs across the industry and rising pub prices as landlords would have no choice but to subsidise their loss of business by increasing prices. The closure of pubs would ultimately result in a lack of choice for the customer.People who are still against the ban argue alternative methods of how to reduce the wellness impact of passive smoking.The introduction of the use of respiration is regarded by some as an adequate solution on its own. Some respondents are potently of the o pinion that ventilation removes all the harmful effects of smoking from the air.Designated smoking areas in public places are have previously been used before the smoking ban came into effect in various shopping malls, restaurants and clubs. People did not complain about these smoking areas, of which people who wanted to smoke could do so inside out of the way of other people who did not want to smoke.People against the smoking ban argue that separate designated smoking areas with good ventilation is a better alternative then banning smoking in public places altogether.The government doesnt want to stop there with banning smoking. They have virtually banned the rights of people to smoke in their own car. The law now states that if the device driver is smoking and does not have full control of the vehicle the driver can be prosecuted for smoking while driving. This is an extension of the current law which is that the driver must have full control of the vehicle at all times. What I do not understand is that why the government feels that they now have to have a separate law to cover smoking while driving, does that not also come under the law that states that the driver must have full control of the vehicle at all times?There have now also been talks that a law is trying to be passed to stop adults smoking in their own vehicle while a child is present, is this just saying to the nation that they cannot look after their own children?Ibi from Birmingham thinks that banning smoking is a way for the government to take all of our gambling away. This seems ok but doesnt anybody else worry about this being a slippery slope. First, no smoking in public places, then no smoking at all, then no drinking, no shouting, no laughing, no talking and no fun. And once this is all done they will find something else to ban. And im a non smoker.Howard John dell from Chelmsford agrees that the money made by the government from smokers is too high to ignore the rights of one of its biggest money makers. I do not agree with a get ban on smoking. It is my right to smoke and the government make a considerable amount of money from my smoking through taxes which easily pays for any health cost tot he NHS.Colin McEwan from Edinburgh agrees that the smoking ban could have bigger economic consequences than we think. The Scottish government is drafting its own regulations regarding smoking and seems to be bent-grass on a total ban. This, in my view is a step too far at this time. I work in Ireland where such a ban has, I believe, reduced pub sales substantially in some areas and has cost many jobs. I have no issue with the argument that people must not be subjected to passive smoking. But the alternatives, such as designated smoking areas with proper ventilation have not been properly considered. indisputable it will be difficult to implement properly but the Ban it everywhere brigade does not seem to be interested in the logic but the principle.The smoking ban s eams to be supported by many more non-smokers than smokers. I think that because smokers are a minority here, the majority have won their case outright. There seams to be more suitable alternative methods than the banning of smoking in public places completely.I think that the banning of smoking in public places was a policy set up by the government to try and win the votes of the majority of people because people had lost faith in the current government because of the currently unsuccessful invasion of Iraq.

The Air Pollution Report

picnic pollution is a major hassle facing our surround today. This plight is noxious to every single living creature on this planet. How commode we limit the rushs of credit line pollution? There atomic number 18 industrial as salubrious as residential ca physical exertions of activate pollution. How preempt we limit the effects of snap pollution? We all told know it affects the environment, but do we all know it overly can affect us directly? How can we control air pollution? Is the government doing its job to protect us? Air pollution can be defined as impureness of the air.Air pollution is all around us. It might not be as clearly visible in some beas as others but the fact is that air pollution is still there affecting us in some way, shape, or form. It has been known to cause illness and/or death. M some(prenominal) people are not aware of this. There are two main causes of air pollution. One of the main causes is intrinsic pollution. Natural pollution is windblo wn dust, pollen, fog, etc. The other main cause is people pollution. People pollution is the chief concern and intimately serious form. intimately of people pollution is caused by industry, cars, trucks, and airplanes. The causes of air pollution go on and on. There are residential causes and industrial causes. Residential causes are those such as automobile emissions and forest fires. Industrial causes are those such as factory emissions and the burn of fossil fuels. One residential cause is the emissions of automobiles. This is probably the most harmful cause, at least in the United States of America it is.People drive automobiles every day to get from point A to point B. If automobiles did not exist, the air would most likely be cleaner but we would not be able to travel long distances in short periods. In any case, the problem remains that automobile emissions are harmful to the environment. This is how they generate automobile emissions into the atmosphere. Motor vehicle e missions are generated in several different shipway and locations during engine/vehicle operation. The most important sources are, of course, those released in combustion and vented through the exhaust pipe.These exhaust gases lie mainly of unburned HCs, CO, and NOx and account for approximately 90- 92% of all vehicle emissions. Some products of combustion are not vented through the exhaust system, as they slip by the piston rings and the cylinder walls. These blowby gases consist mainly of unburned HCs that accumulate in the crankcase exhaust port. A third source of emissions is the votalization of HCs through the carburetor and fuel tank vents. Carburetor emissions are pronounced during the hottish soak period immediately following vehicle operation.Forest fires caused by the carelessness of humans puts harmful smoke into the environment. These forest fires do not fleet often, but when they do, there is mass destruction caused to the atmosphere. In the early 1950s, forest fir es in the Southeastern United States covered huge areas of the country with smoke so thick that flights were canceled in New York City. Chlorofluoro light speeds or CFCs were developed by chemists at General Motors in 1928. When they were developed, they were looked upon as miracle gases that could be safely used for more purposes. They were not toxic.They were not carcinogens. They did not corrode the materials with which they came in contact. Nor were they flammable. Finally they could be manufactured easily and inexpensively. Over the years these CFCs have been made to serve many purposes from refrigerator coolants to jet streams in aerosol cans and polystyrene material to air conditioners. When people do not properly dispose of CFCs, they could escape into the atmosphere, creating a slew in the ozone mold.Air pollution was graduation realized as a major problem during the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Industrial pollution is particles (especially of metal dusts) and waste gases (especially carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides) that are waste products of industry and end up in the air. Industrial emissions are the second largest pollutants of the atmosphere subsequently automotive exhausts. Industries that are the major pollutants include petroleum refining, metal smelting, iron and steal mills, grain mills, and the flour handling industry. The most common chemical natured factory pollutant is methylene chloride. The burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of air pollution.Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of ancient plant and animal life such as coal and natural gas. If complete combustion of fossil fuels was possible, it would only produce heat talent, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. However, since this not possible because the level of oxygen is neer ideal, carbon monoxide forms. The incombustible material enters the atmosphere as smoke, dust, soot, and particles of tarry (tar-like) hydrocarbon substances. Small amounts of mineral and metal impurities are released into the air as fly ash.Sulfurous impurities produce sulfur oxides, especially sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide combines with water in the air to form sulfuric acid, the largest component of acid rain. Air pollution, as like any other pollution, is harmful to the environment. Unlike other pollutions though, air pollution is not always visible in the environment. Air pollution is the cause of acid rain, smog, and the hole in the ozone layer. Acid rain victimizes living organisms and materials. Deposition from acids, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid and mixes with the rain and goes into the s oil and bodies of water.This is most common in the Northeastern United States, where fossil fuel burning is highly concentrated. Acid rain is killing more than lakes. It can scar the leaves of hardwood forests, die ferns and lichens, accelerate the death of coniferous needles, sterilize seeds, and weaken the forests to disease, infestation, and decay. Below the surface, the acid neutralizes chemicals for plant growth, strips others from the soil and carries them to the lakes and literally retards the respiration of the soil. From this you can see that biological damage is most pronounced in forests and lakes.In bodies of water, acid shock, caused by runoff of highly acidic water into lakes and streams when snow melts can greatly affect tilt and other aquatic life. It also affects farmers. Vegetation may show damage through bleaching and spotting on leaves. In urban areas acid rain discolors and speeds up the erosion of marble, cement, historic monuments, and statues. When exposed to acid rain, steel corrodes two to four times faster in urban and industrial areas than in rural areas. crock and grit deposited by acid rain onto buildings, cars, and clothes results in these materials needing to be cleaned and restored.In the United States alone, acid rain causes billions of dollars damage to materials. smog is dirty fog. smog is a sort of atmospheric soup of pollutants cooked up by the action of sunlight. This thick, brown haze is made of air polluted by automobile exhaust fumes, smoke, and aerosols. Smog contains chlorinated and organic phosphates that get unleashed into the air from blowing farm particles, heavy metals, and evaporating acid. These chemicals make the smog even more toxic than most people think. Smog is developed when hold conditions are in the mid- eighties and there is little wind.Therefore, smog does not affect all parts of the world. It is most common in a urban center such as Los Angeles where these weather conditions exist. Ozone depletion is looked upon as a problem that up till now, we can not fix. Air pollution has caused this hole in the ozone layer. The ozone layer absorbs 99% of the suns harmful energy. It prevents ultraviolet radiation from reaching the Earths surface and the troposphere. It protects humans from sunburn, skin and eye cancer, and cataracts.It also pre vents much of the oxygen in the troposphere from being converted to ozone (gas). In the mid-seventies chemists F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario J. Malian discovered CFCs were creating a global chemical time bomb by lowering the average concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. In other words, the CFCs were and are creating a hole in the ozone layer. As long as we keep using these CFCs the hole is going to continue to grow wider and wider. cause on the Health of Living Organisms Air pollution is hazardous to our health. It can endanger the health of living organisms in several ways. One way, is by introducing particulate matter and poisonous gases into the respiratory systems of humans, animals, and plant leaves.another(prenominal) way is by increasing the acidity of precipitation, which alters the chemistry of soil and water. One more way, is that it engages chemical reactions in the atmosphere that increase the characterisation of living organisms to harmful radiation. Yet anoth er way that it affects living organisms is by altering globally, the composition and ultimately the temperature of the atmosphere and thusly producing conditions that threaten the survival of living organisms. In humans air pollution especially affects our respiratory system.Our respiratory system has a number of protective mechanisms make to protect against exposure to air pollution. Hairs in the nose filter out large particles. The mucus lining in the upper respiratory tract helps beat and dissolve smaller particles and gaseous pollutants. Sneezing and coughing helps to remove contaminated air and mucus when the respiratory system is exposed to pollutants. Long term exposure to cigarette smoke and other air pollutants can ruin the natural defenses, resulting in respiratory conditions such as allergic reactions like asthma, and diseases such as lung cancer, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis.Air pollution can also cause other health problems. It can cause extreme allergic reaction s. It also can cause headaches, nausea, rashes, and swelling. Such activities as jogging, bicycling, and other strenuous outdoor activities, while being done in areas with high concentrations of air pollution, can cause expeditious coughing and chest pain. The hole in the ozone layer is the cause of many cases of skin cancer. There are three basic approaches to control air pollution. The first approach is called preventive measures.This means that they would change the raw materials sed in industry or the ingredients of fuel. The second approach is called dispersal measures. That is raising of the smokestacks. The third one is called array measures. This is done by designing equipment to trap pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Most highly industrialized countries have legislation to prevent and/or control air pollution. In the U. S. air pollution is the responsibility of the state and local governments. All states have an air quality management program that are patter ned after federal laws.The basic federal law is the Clean Air Act of 1970. It was last amended in 1990. Under law the Federal Environmental protective cover Agency sets the standards for air quality. The EPA sets the limits on the amounts of air pollutants that can be given off by automobiles, factories, and other sources. Air quality programs have improved many areas. There are several examples on how these air quality programs have improved areas. One example is that burning low sulfur coal and oil in factories and spot plants has lowered levels of air pollution in the areas of the factories and plants.Another example is that automobile engines have been redesigned to emit lower emissions. New cars are equipped with devices such as catalytic converters which change pollutants into harmless substances. Because of this, air pollution from car exhaust has also been reduced. The EPA released the Pollution Prevention Strategy in February of 1991. The system provides guidance on th e EPAs ongoing environmental protection efforts and includes a plan for achieving substantial voluntary reductions of targeted high risk industrial chemicals.The major component of the strategy is the Industrial Toxics Project. The EPA has identified seventeen high risk industrial chemicals that offer significant opportunities for prevention. These seventeen pollutants present both significant risks to human health and the environment and opportunities to reduce such risks through prevention. Scrubbers are pollution control devices used in industry to remove aerosols and waste gases. Wet scrubbers operate by direct sprays of water or other liquids into chambers containing exhaust gases. The gases are then washed away in the liquid.Another form of scrubber works by a process called adsorption in which gases are removed by activated charcoal and filtering. Another way to control air pollution is to use alternate or renewable sources of energy. One of these alternate sources is solar power. The number of solar power plants is increasing as the markets expand for this power source. There is suddenly no pollution from solar power. However, backup systems using conventional fuels are needed at night, during bad weather, and in the snowbelt areas, where the sun is often obscured during the winter months.Another thing is that the cost of solar energy is much higher than fossil fuels. Another alternate form of energy is nuclear power. Nuclear power is energy that is generated by radioactive fuels at nuclear plants. Nuclear power is often described as clean power when it is compare to fossil fuels. Nuclear power would limit air pollution problems since nuclear plants do not produce carbon dioxide or any of the gases that cause acid rain. On the downside, if there are nuclear power plants, there is always the threat of a nuclear fallout.If any radioactive materials escape from the plant, they could expose the people to radioactive contamination. The dilemma of air pol lution is a major problem that faces our world today. What if we cant go outside because the smog is to thick? What happens when the acid rain gets potent enough to eat proper(a) through our skin? What do we do when the hole in the ozone layer widens and melts the polar ice caps? These could be some of the questions we will ask if we dont find ways to control the problem of air pollution.

Manipulation in Documentaries Essay

Every night when we sit down to watch our much loved Greys Anatomy or Desperate Housewives, we know for a fact they atomic number 18 fictional dramas which allow us to escape the reality and boredom of our lives. We also realise the scripted shows use many tactics to counterfeit our thinking. The producer does this to position us towards a specific view of life. But what do we expect from a infotainment? We know documentaries to be faithful recounts of events however, these events may be subject to just as much manipulation as the intriguing plots in our addictive shows.Many documentary makers include their individual cultural assumptions and discourses to distort the truth and position the target audience to react in a desired manner. This can be seen in the documentary, Supersize Me by Morgan Spurlock and Great blank involved Trouble showcasing Peter Benchley, David Doubilet and Rodney Fox. Both producers desire to position the audience towards their discourse through their documentary.They accomplish this by presenting snippets of films, opinions and facts that agree with their discourse and disposing of the rest. Super size Me, written, produced, directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock, is a producer dominated documentary. It shows Spurlock endeavouring on a thirty day McDonalds binge to prove that regular function of the food is a fast course to heart disease, risque cholesterol and obesity. Spurlock aims to prove his nutritional discourse by taking tests before and after the experiment to show the affects.Before the experiment began, Spurlocks body showed healthy results both physically and emotionally, however, after the experiment, his body was physically rundown sporting clogged arteries, high cholesterol, weight gain and emotionally he showed early stages of depression. Spurlocks aim in the documentary is to inform his audience that regular fast food purpose is extremely harmful to your body. It uses both fully narrated and self reflexiv e types of documentary to present the message.This means voice overs are used to interpret graphs, pictures and facts presented in the documentary to prove that fast food has a significant impact on the nations health. He also includes many techniques including camera angles, music and sound, lighten up and many elements typical of documentaries. Spurlock uses Mise-en-scene to prove that obesity is a result of extreme fast food intake by purposely filming obese plenty walking through a shot at McDonalds. Spurlock also uses the technique of interviewing doctors and scientists to grab our attention and make it difficult for us, the audience, to make our own decision.He does this as the majority of us believe scientists and doctors have the most knowledge on this argument and therefore we will agree with his discourse. Similarly the documentary, Great White Deep Trouble, produced by John Bredar, attempts to influence the audience to feel sympathy and love for the Great White which t o many represents a killer beast. The documentary aims to insure us towards the view that sharks are gentle fish that are simply misunderstood by humans.Through the journey of David Doubilet, a famous photographer, the audience are presented with pictures, journal entries and filming of the Great White in the hope of capturing the perfect shot. One of the crew on the legation is Rodney Fox who previously had a all-fired encounter with a Great White and survived. Although the majority of us would be too afraid to return to the water, Fox has chosen to partake in the mission of defending the creature. The producer uses this to his advantage by demonstrating that even someone who was attacked by a killing machine managed to love the animal and therefore we should too.The documentary uses techniques in order to create a calm ambience and make the shark seem vulnerable. They use relaxing music and bright lighting to create a sympathetic and almost angelic view of the shark. Camera sho ts are taken under water allowing the audience to see the scenery and true(p) characteristics of the shark. The documentary provides tight up shots to shows the sharks facial features and emotions. It also uses long shots to show the entire body and the provide insight into the sharks natural habitat.The documentary uses the feature of exposition to expose the true qualities of the shark in order to hold the audience. Both documentaries possess intertextualities that we are all familiar with. In general, when we see Ronald McDonald we are automatically reminded of McDonalds and their food products. In the Documentary, Spurlock shows Ronald McDonald as an evil clown rather than happy. This represents his negativity towards the restaurant. When watching Great White Deep Trouble our intertextualities towards sharks is that they are vicious man-eating machines like the shark impinge on the movie Jaws.Although many facts, graphs and discourses are exposed and explained throughout th ese two documentaries it does non necessarily mean the producers opinion is correct. They simply want to manipulate and position the audience to believe what they say in order to sell their view to the public. When we hear the word, documentary our cultural beliefs tell us they are change with true facts or recounts of events, however, we need to realise that documentaries are filled with individual discourses which arent essentially accurate.We as an audience need to ensure we do not fall victim to the producers manipulative techniques that are incorporated in the documentaries. In order to do so we need to be slopped in our personal beliefs and discourses. That does not mean you should seclude all opinions from others. Be open to new ideas, but be strong in your own beliefs. That way you will not be manipulated as easily. Make your own decision and dont let the producer sway that conclusion.

The Rise and Fall of Enron

The meteoric rise and fall of Enron is one of the most notorious tales in the history of corporate America. Enron was the seventh-largest confederation in the United States in 2000 and Fortune magazine had declared it as Americas most innovative company for six straight years its share price had climbed from $ 10 a share in 1991 to over $ 90 a share in August 2000 while its revenue jumped to more than $100 billion. (Rise and Fall of an Energy Giant)No one could have predicted that before the end of the following year the rising star of corporate America would be filing for bankruptcy, shaking investor confidence to the tenderness and signalling the end of the longest bull-run in the American striving exchanges history. The ramifications of the dramatic collapse still reverberate in global financial and energy markets as surface the U.S. courts, where a number of former Enron managers face thoughtful criminal charges. This fairy tale rise and ignominious fall of Enron is the subj ect of this paper.The Pipeline and Energy gild Enron Corporation was formed as a result of a 1985 merger of Houston Natural Gas (HNG) and InterNorth-a Nebraska based gas pipeline company. Kenneth frame, CEO of HNG, became Enrons runner CEO and proceeded to make it the first nationwide natural gas pipeline. Enron soon became involved in in the transmission and distribution of electricity in amplification to gas in the US as well as the development, construction, and operation of power plants and pipelines worldwide. Its profits were, however, modest as in those days, energy was a government-sanctioned monopoly. (Lindstorm)pickings Advantage of Deregulation Things began to change as the gas and electricity sectors were deregulated by the early 1990s. Kenneth Lay decided to take advantage of the deregulation and hired Jeffery Skilling a young consultant with a banking and liability management background, in 1990-making him the CEO of a new division in Enron- the Enron Finance Corp. The duo proceeded to transform Enron from a boringly predictable and regulated Gas Company into one of the largest energy traders in the US that would eventually dominate the trading of energy contracts and financial instruments known as derivatives.Trading Becomes the Mantra As Enrons revenues sky-rocketed in its initial forays into wholesale buying and selling of gas and electricity, Skilling was emboldened to extend the trading concept into almost any commodity that could be traded, i.e., futures contracts in coal, paper, steel, water and even weather. Taking advantage of the growing use of the Internet, Enron started Enron Online (EOL) in October 1999-an electronic commodities trading Web site that was hugely boffo almost overnight. Skilling hired the brightest talent from the top MBA schools and turned them into high-flying traders with incentives to eat what they killed. (Thomas, para on The Best, the Brightest)While the company grew rapidly through the 1990s, some of the w orst manifestations of its culture-obsessions with bonuses, the stock price and exotic bill-were also growing, and out of control. (Fowler, Enrons Implosion) Enron did make huge profits for a short while due to highly volatile energy prices, and thither was widespread perception in the company about the unlimited potential of online trade and technology innovations such as the broadband.Things started to change in the late 1990s. former(a) energy companies such as Dynergy, Duke Energy, and El Paso had entered the field of energy trading and the competition started to eat into the huge profit margins of Enron. Other factors such as move energy prices in early 2001, the approaching worldwide recession and the broadband bubble burst began to work against Enrons dream run. The company, in the meantime, had embarked on a culture of teddy trading deals that had a momentum of its own that was hard to stop.Disregarding Ethics Ethics at Enron was put on the back-burner as its corporate cu lture was focus on making deals and increasing Enrons share value. Skilling was relentless in his push for creativity and competitiveness, giving rise to a growth-at-any-cost culture, overriding all checks and balances, and suppressing all voices of caution. (Fowler) Its ethics was personified by Kenneth Lays exercising of his stock options and pocketing profits, even as he was promoting Enron shares as a bargain to employees. It was also reflected in the action of some Enron executives who pressurized a brokerage company to take action against a broker who advised some Enron workers to sell their shares. (Wee, Corporate Ethics)Dubious Accounting It was hardly surprising, therefore, that several Enron resorted to innovative accounting practices to show inflated profits and hiding their losses. Under Andrew Fastow (Enrons Chief Financial Officer) personal guidance, the company made use of thousands of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), some of them own by Fastow himself, to park its t roubled assets that were falling in value, so that the balance sheet continued to show growing profits.Conflict of Interest Despite serious accounting irregularities, no one was prepared to blow the whistle because of conflicts of interest of several key players. Enrons auditor, Arthur Anderson was also its consultant and stood to gain from seeing no evil Kenneth Lay was busy exercising his stock options before the share value fell. J.P. Morgan, while underwriting bonds for Enron, was involved in trading derivatives contracts with the company and had a substantial share in Enron stock. Andrew Fastow was making millions in profits by doing business with the firm through secret limited partnerships.As a result, although the fall of Enron when it filed for bankruptcy in declination 2001 seemed stunningly sudden to most people, conditions for the collapse had been brewing for a long time.

Unit Two: Principles of Providing Administrative Services

Unit twain Principles of providing administrative attend mind You should engage this bill to complete your Assessment. The first thing you want to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then cypher through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When youve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study bea make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment yield.Please nvirtuoso that this Assessment document has 9 pages and is made up of 9 Sections. Name Section 1 Understand how to make and receive squall calls 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of at to the lowest degree two divergent features of a phone system and how / when they would be used. Feature How / when used 1.Answer Phone By pressing a look on telephone we behind listen messages left by oth ers 2. Conference Call This allow us to speak with more than one someone simultaneously . Prep atomic number 18 a brief report advising people on How to follow organisational procedures when making and receiving telephone calls The use of goods and services of giving a lordly image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls. If possible, use specific in divisionation from procedures in your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with). Within an transcription while receiving calls one should follow the organisational procedure i. e. nswer the phone within certain number of rings, use standard greeting, read script as advised, identify the personal when transferring the call or go across on the nurture and finally be ready to take colleagues calls when they are non on their desk. When you are making a call to a invitee ensure that you build a rapport with them and make them feel at ease. Ensure you are advised of the purpose of call and make a disclose list of the points that you will be asking.The main purpose behind while receiving or making calls is to portray a vertical and professional image of an organization is to retain the existence clients and attract new ones and fulfil customer satisfactions Section 2 Understand how to handle harness 1. Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, checking and screen hop out and packages (both incoming and outgoing). It is very important and responsibility of everyone within an organization to follow the correct procedures while receiving, checking and sorting outgoing and incoming get trims.In case if a mistake is made thusly may be some body is waiting for an important mail and because of negligence it may go to a ruin person or even go missing. Once a mail is received we choose to ensure the security and confidentaility aspect of it while delivering it to the recpients. If the mail requires pressing delivery then we need to ensure that mail is delivered or dispatched quickly and securly. It shag apply to both incoming and outgoing mail as if the mail is urgent it should be treated as urgent and delivered or dispacted soon. 2. Complete the table below with the following information At least two examples of immanent mail go that are available to organisations At least two examples of external mail services that are available to organisations Internal mail services External mail services 1. using internal envelopes so that mail arsehole be circulated internally1. Recorded delivery 2. ransfer mail between different offices of an organization 2. Special delivery Internal mail services Normally between offices we do thrust internal transport service that operates. We preempt use that service to deliver mails betweeen offices. We can excessively use services of individuals if they are lastling between offices.Also if we are working in a headoffice and it has several buildings then we can also use the inte rnal service that deliver or trasnport between different buildings. External mail services For external mail services we can use local mail service like Royal Mail, post office or parcel office. We can either call them and check the item so that they can pick and deliver or we can go to the nearest post office and post the item there. 3. Describe two methods that you can use to calculate postage charges for mail and / or packages.We can weight and measure mail to calculate postage charges. We can weight the mail with the help of weighting machine and measure the mail with the help of measuring deivce provided by Royail mail. Once we calculate the weight and measurement we mix up a stamp accordingly. For example if we want to sent a a first class mail we need to cataegorize the mail do we need one standard first class stamp or a larger one depending upon post. We should also con buttocksmentr the timing as first class can take upto 3 working days so if mail is urgent we need to use other services that are quicker.We can also use service supplier like Royal mail and use their website to check out the charges. We can take the mail to any local post office and weight the items and stand the charges accordingly, we need to ensure a signed for or special delivery that if mail is important and needs to be delivered soon. In case if the contents of the mail are important we can also insure the mail. Section 3 Understand how to use different types of office equipment 1. Describe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment.Shredding machines are used to shred important confidential documents. The main purpose of the shredding machines is to obliterate your important documents that are not useful anymore but that can be important for someone else and that can be misused by anyone. Computers and its accessories such as Printer, scanner etc. used to prepare documents an d print them if required. We can use computer programs such as microsoft applications word, access and excel etc. to frame letters, demonstrates, electronic worksheets, database management, presentation, graphics, Internet use and financial documents.For communication we can use fax machine and telephone. We can send the documents quickly to customers either by fax or use emails and for verbal communication we use phone. The disadvantage of faxmachine is that it require electricity, requires account for receiving and sending faxes and it should be always on to receive faxes. The advantage of fax machine is that they are relatively inexpensive and some are part of all in one printers and you may need to occasionally pay for the toner, and a dedicated phone line and paper.Another advantage is that it doesnt speak to you more than the normal phone costs per minute. 2. Explain the purpose of following manufacturers instructions when using equipment. The main purpose behind the man ufacturers instructions manual is to operate the equipment correctly and safely. This can reduce the maintenance cost and increase the equipment life. By following the basic guidance provided by the manufacturer the equipment will last longer, safer for others to use it and will work efficiently. 3. Explain the purpose of retention equipment clean, hygienic and ready for the next user.We need to keep the equipment clean and hygienic so that the next person who will be using it will be safe. He can safely use the equipment and hygienically safe from any disease. While working in an organization once should tidy stuff, store equipment safely and clean it regularly with appropriate products. As an example one should use wipes to clean computer screen that will be beneficial for other as well. In working environment where there is a shared workspace it is uncorrupted if we leave the area clean and organized that can also leave a good impression for the next person.Section 4 Understan d how to keep waste to a minimum in a business sector environment 1. Explain why waste should be kept to a minimum in a business environment. One of the main reasons that waste should be kept to minimum in a business environment is financial reason i. e. it can reduce the cost and spending and environmental reasons. Company can waste a atomic pile of money to either recycle or dispose of that extra waste. One should think twice while using conjunction resources that do they really need that or they can use any alternative to save some money for the company. . Identify at least two main causes of waste in a business environment. Because of heating, lightning and powering equipment we waste energy Another example is the resources such as ink cartridges, papers and toners of printers etc. Another source is use of paper in printing, before printing one should ask them self that do they need to print this out and if so can they use both side of paper for printing to save papers. 3. Ho w can you keep waste to a minimum in a business environment? Describe at least two ways of doing this.For paper waste we can use a recycling service for paper waste. For other waste like elastic bottles, plastic bags and others we can use recycling bins Recycling is a cost effective method of dealing with your waste esecially using different bins for different things simply because it is a lot cheaper when compared with commonplacewaste managementand disposal. Recycling often reduces clutter and improves the working environment. Less clutter also means increased safety around your workplace. We can use emails instead of using posts where email can work.Emails are fast and can be deliveredat once around the world. No other form of written communication is as fast as an email. We can advertise products in the email that can r from each one to a lot of people and we can save a lot of money on resouses like paper, printer etc. we can send the email to hundred of recepients without ex panding any money on visible resourses and save a lot of money and making business environment eco friendly. We can turn off the lights and all power switches when its not required to save the energy. Section 5 Know how to make arrangements for mergings 1.Complete the table below listing at least two different types of come acrosss and describing the main features of each type of group comelying. Type of meeting Main features Team meeting The main feature of such meeting is to follow any agenda, track the progress of the team up on the current project, sort out issues related to team peformance, update on the upcoming projects and discuss any outstanding issues.It also allows individuals to generatenumber of ideas which can prove to be quite effective in solving any organizational issue Training meetings The main feature of such meeting is to keep the staff up to date, upgrade their skills and help them in grooming. It also increases the staff productivity thus custo mers are helpd and satisfied more quickly.This improves efficiency, reduces costs and leads to higher(prenominal) profitability. With the aide of training meeting we can raise morale of individuals which leads to a more motivated team. If colleagues are motivated here are many opportunities able to them. Appraisal meeting The main objective of such meetings are to recognise the individuals effort and praise them and give them reward.Because of that Individuals take personal responsibility for improving both the business processes and their own abilities. Such meetings also reflects the performance carryations, establish goals for the coming year and discuss the success in the past year. 2. When arranging a meeting What sources and types of information are typically needed? How should meetings be arranged? We need to know the individuals requesting the meeting and they are aware of organizational procedure to arrange the meetingWe should be aware of the reason of the meeting, the attendees list, duration of meeting and any resources like any projector or wall board required for presentation. Firstly confirm the attendees list, date and clock time, place and any resources required. If required circulate a brief message around about the agenda of the meeting and if meeting is long and refreshments are required also confirm the arrangement. Finally ensure that all attendees receive a confirmation of date, time, venue and a small brief description about the meeting. Section 6 Understand procedures for organising travel and alteration arrangements . Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation. The main purpose, behind confirmation of instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation, is to ensures that all individual arrives on time for the appointment and all attendees are well aware of time and date of the event, accommodation and travel details, put facilities, view of the event, in case they need special arrangement persons details who will be responsible for that and finally the main agenda and ist of things they need to bring in with them. 2. Complete the table below with an outline of the main types of business travel and accommodation arrangements that may need to be made and the procedures that should be followed when doing this. Travel and accommodation arrangements Procedures Travel by Car and staying over night If people are travelling by car we need to ensure that accommodation have enough parking space if not then the alternate parking arrangements should be informed to the people. We can select from bed and breakfast to hotels in terms of overnight accommodation.We need to know how many nights they will be staying and book accordingly. In case they need evening meals we need to make them aware of the arrangements. Travel by train and staying for few hours in the If people are travelling by train we should ensure tha t they are aware of the ways to meeting place reach to their desired location.We can arrange taxis for them to avoid hassle. Sometimes we have foreign national who cant speak English well, in that case we need to ensure that interpreter is there to fulfil their needs. If they are attending the meeting for few hours we must ensue that the refreshments are pre ordered. Facility for incapacitate peoples If we know anyone who needs special arrangements such as wheel chair, we need to ensure that all required facilities are in place to facilitate them. translating program presence Sometimes we have foreign national who cant speak English well, in that case we need to ensure that interpreter is there to fulfil their needs . Explain the purpose of keeping records of travel / accommodation arrangements in a business environment. It is very important to keep a record (accommodation and travel expenditures) of an event once its over, as we can use that evaluation next time. Th is evaluation can help us next time in decision making i. e. we can improve the accommodation next time, find a cheaper suppler and get early discounts by booking in advance. valuation itself is a god process that can highlight any flaws in planning and identify that how we faired accommodation and travel.It also helps in identifying any issues such as parking arrangement of any particular accommodation. Section 7 Understand diary management procedures 1. Briefly explain the purpose of using a diary system to plan activities at work. Give at least two reasons. One of the essential planning aids used within an organization is diaries and depending upon the temperament of the business its use varied from person to person. It does help individuals to plan their activities and tasks as in some organization follow strict deadlines for their project.Information that can be logged in a diary contains timing, date, location and people who are involved. Another advantage of keeping up th e diaries is that individuals know the whereabouts of other colleagues. For instance if we someone wants to speak with one of your colleague by checking his or her status in staff diary we can deal with the caller accordingly. 2. Identify the information needed to maintain a diary system in the workplace.Nowadays computerized or electronic diary is used in organization and most widely used diary program is Microsoft outlook. It includes information of employees such as their name, collision information, email address, location etc. In some companies it also shows their availability and show their current status i. e. if they are on annual leave or absent due to sickness. Section 8 Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so 1. What are the differences between internal and external customers in a business environment?Internal customers are the one who either work for an organization or serve the people who are not employed by that organization w hile the external customers who do not work for the organization but either purchase the product or services to fulfil their need. In other words staff working for a particular organization purchases a particular good or service then he will be classified as internal customer, while an external customer is the one who come to the company to buy a service or good require to him and by no means employed by the company. 2.Explain why customer service should meet or exceed customer resideations. Include at least three reasons in your answer. Customer service should be met or sometime exceed customer expectations as it can Gain customer loyalty and that means customer will always turn to us when that particular good or service is required Get good recommendations form customer that can provide us good publicity and allow an organization to expand its business make up the business growth and that can create a sense of job security within the organization.Once an organization is gett ing extra customers it can expand its business and can create more jobs and extra bonuses for existing staff. 3. Explain the importance of building positive coitionships with customers. Outline two ways in which this can be achieved. Every member of an organization has a duty to be efficient as he may be a first point of match for the organization and that can create a long lasting impression on customer. Employee should show professionalism as failure to do so will not give customer any confidence while dealing with his organization.It is of vital importance to gain customers trust, meet or sometimes exceeds customers expectations as it can bring in new business opportunities. We can gain customers trust by actively earshot to them which enables us to identify their needs and satisfy them accordingly. By keeping communication channel open both parties can grow their business in a healthy and friendly environment. Both parties should trust each other and pay respect to each other ideas because that can contribute to a belter resolution of a problem if one does occur. 4.How do customers demonstrate their own needs and expectations? When a customer places an order or requested a service then they expect that service or goods to be not only delivered on time but also up to agreed standard. Customer normally expects that promise should be kept. In this competitive world customer also want bargain in prices as if someone is offering the same services at a very low cost they can turn to them as well. Customers need can also be gathered by collecting the feedback from them on the good or service offered and that be used for future to improve their experience.Customer can also raise their concerns directly with the company and by effective communication they can sit together, listening to each other and come to a resolution that can be accepted by both. Section 9 Understand the purpose of reception services and how to follow reception procedures 1. What is the purp ose of the receptionist role as the first point of contact in a business environment? Receptionists have many roles to perform such as give direction and sometime escort the key people to different part of the building. Generally visitors used them for general information or to solve any issues.Receptionist should have god communications skills and are aware of making good rapport with the visitors so that they feel they are at ease as some times visitors get confused. Now days most organization use sign in procedure and receptionist ensures that this is make properly and visitors are issued identification badges. In special cases receptionist also inform visitor about the standard health and safety information. 2. Describe how a receptionist can present a positive image of themselves and the organisation and explain why this is important.Receptionist job is of vital importance as they are the first point of contact for every visitor, they should greet all visitors with smile regar dless of their importance or arrival (if they are expected or not). Some receptionists commonly do mistakes and expect that key people are well and best dressed and in that they annoyed some key peoples. The general principal for all is to treat everyone fairly, with readiness and make them feel that you have time for them. As they are the first point of contact in most organization, they can leave a positive image and long lasting impression of an organization.If they act or behave unprofessionally the visitor may lose confidence while dealing with the organization. 3. In relation to your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with), explain what must be done when carrying out entry, departure, security and confidentiality procedures in a reception area. When a visitor enters into a building and approach the reception, they should be greeted first and offered help. If they want to visit someone with in an organization, take their details inform the desired person about the ir arrival.Advise them about the unrestricted visitor access area of recreation and make them feel at ease until the desired person come down and accompany them. Upon arrival of the desired person make them an identification pass and note down their time of arrival, their contact details and vehicle registration number if they have parked their vehicle. Once they have finished their meeting note down the timing and ensure that they have returned the pass and issue them any parking exit pass if required. Once you have completed all 9 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

Amazom

Part 1 amazon. com is a habitual and well-known multinational E-commerce participation in the world, based in United State and expended the retail weave site in United Kingdom on 15th October 1998 (D Brown, 2008), which composes of buying and selling products or operate through internet and a nonher essential computer network forms. Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO of virago claimed that a company evict be resilient is made by focusing on the guest (Zach, article, 2013).Obviously, client centricity (Mark, YouTube, 2009) is the tenet that Amazon is working on, which is the strongest key to raise the global prominence and earn the credits from their consumers and suppliers. By reaching the goal of client satisfactions, Amazon divided their internal operation aim into five master(prenominal) images of components to ensure that they have delivered what consumer needs, which is controlled by Lean system combined with the efficiency of Six Sigma system (Andrew, 2009, Mark, YouTube, 2 013) and Pull system to shorten the time of operation and focus on identifying the needs of customer or place pronounce to co-sourced.After that, both of them will send the mail boat to Royal Mail or commercial-grade courier after certificated and packed by Total Quality Management system (TQM) (Nigel, Alistair, Robert, 2011) and rudiment Warehousing system (Jay, Barry, 2008) respectively. The first one is provide an easy get process and platform to customer that contain a user-friendly web page and mobile app (Annual report, legal proceeding, 2013) with clear catalogues, simple fix up and payment procedure to reduce the time of procurement.Second one is offer a wide range of goods excerpt (Annual report, Overview, 2013) from all over the world to fulfill different type of customer needs. Pricing management (Annual report, consumer, 2013) is likewise another important element it can separate into two parts that are internal and external. essential is the price of products t hat tempted the consumers with lowest possible price, which is operated by Amazon. External part is postage, Amazon provide Prime and Supersaver to get down the cost of shipment (Annual report, consumer, 2013) to their customers, but the delivery part is still handling by Royal place or other logistic company.The next component is feel (Annual report, 2013) of the products that they have a set of quality level to decrease the defect or product return. The last one is efficiency (Annual report, 2013), sequence the duration of the operation from the order placed until ship out the parcel. In the meantime, Drop Shipping (Annual report, 2013) is providing by fewer of the vendors of Amazon to shorten to procedure. Furthermore, the speed of problem solving is fast since Amazon is using E-mail and electronic Data Interchange (EDI) (Nigel, Alistair, Robert, 2011) to communicate with their customer and vendors.Amazon is performed well in the internal supply chain system, however there still have some conundrum appear frequently such as the temporary delivery time, delivery address label and document missed (Cathrin, 2007), postmen did not even knock their room access to save time when deliver (Andrew B, 2012), no one response during long holiday (G. Charlton, 2013), ignore the request from customers (A. Jones, 2011) and customer needs to postpone the shipping time (M. Lewis, 2011). Here withal have some customer reviews as following that had experience of online shopping.Fiona blamed that she got her parcel a year late (Andrew B, 2012). Tony Rudder said that he had been waiting a package for a whole day in his house, but he but discovered a little note on the floor saying that they tried to delivery his parcel at the end (Andrew B, 2012). Richard Wilding claimed that his parcel was founded about half a mile away from his house few weeks later (Andrew B, 2012). The above customers reviews showed that the system of delivery is existence some significant facto r that infuriating their customers and also losing the confidence from the consumers.According to the research studies, since the whole system of Amazon is complex and unsure with people involved such as unpredictable human being of psychological issues that may affect the outcome, so that, Soft administration Methodology (SSM) (Checkland, 1999) with tools CATWOE, Rich Picture and Root Definition will be the ideal way to collapse in this case. As shown in the Rich Picture (Figure 1), it indicated that once the computer system received the order from customer, it directly assign to the distribution center.But then, there has a blockage appear between the logistic part and customers after Amazon passed the parcel to Royal Mail or other commercial couriers, it is because of customer is unavailing to predict and check the exact arrive time of the parcel by themselves. Moreover, when customer tries to contact with the customer service of Amazon, the staff may not answer immediately du e to the part of delivery is not under their control. With the reviews and tools of CATWOE (Appendix 1), Root Definition will be formed. Amazon owned system operated by staffs of Amazon that supports since received order from customer to parcel delivered.All goods need to passed a beat quality control in order to provide a quality products and also with good service of delivery on time, piece recognizing the constraints of the barriers of third party logistic company. Concluded with the analysis of delivery conundrum of Amazon, we found that they should strengthen the guest Relationship Management (CRM) (Andrew, 2009) to achieve the objective of delivery service to meet customer expectation. Besides, cooperate with a logistic company that operated with good Technology Management (TM) (Jay, Barry, 2008) with new IT system to enhance the value of delivery.To engender with the whole delivery process, three best delivery dates and time selected by customers should be added in the pu rchase procedure. Secondly, use GPS (eCourier, 2013) real time tracking system to monitor the parcel once it passed to the logistic company let customers check with their smartphone. In the meanwhile, the computing system will send a pre-delivery alert SMSy (Whitepapers) and 1 hour before the parcel arrive reminder to the customer that make sure the parcel can be well delivered.The other advantage would be allowing customer to rearrange the delivery time with SMS (Whitepapers). At last, use a PIN code (The iBin, 2013) to identify the parcel delivered to the right person. Figure 1 CATWOE of Amazon Customers Customer/ Buyer Actors Staff of Amazon Transformation process Received order from customer change into parcel delivered World View Parcel delivered means ensured that customer received a quality products which passed the standard control and good service of delivery. Owner Amazon Environment constraints Barriers by the third party logistic company

Henry David Thoreau and Resistance to Civil Government Essay

Henry David Thoreau was the most active participant in the Transcendentalist movement. He was a assimilator and mentee of Ralph Waldo Emerson. While Emerson had transcendental likings, Thoreau would act on them and fully practice them. Hence, he felt that he and others should deny Americas Civil Government. I heartily accept the motto, That governing is best which governs least and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematic everyy. (Thoreau) Thoreau starts out his famous essay with the statement that political science should be weak and the people strong.He was a strong advocate of the individual the rights of the individual. To him, a person should be self reliant, as Emerson taught. He felt that the more citizens relied on their government for their needs, then the stronger the government would become and that could be dangerous. He felt that being controlled by a government, or anything else for that matter, was a tragedy in a persons life. The main reas on that Thoreau wrote Resistance to Civil Government was because he was completely tired of a government that could everyow slavery to exist.Slavery was an institution in the grey states where people actu each(prenominal)y avowed African Americans. He felt that if it was wrong for a government to switch to much power over the individual and his/her rights, then surely it was wrong for another human to own another. In the institution of slavery, the slave has no rights at all. Slaves were made to work extremely baffling. Thoreau had nothing against hard work for an individuals own self-reliance, but the slave did not benefit from his/her work.The owner reaped all of the profit. They did not get to choose their profession, it was illegal to teach them to read or write, many owners beat them, and they could be sold away from their families at any time. The owner controlled everything virtually them even life and death. Slavery went against everything that Thoreau believed about g overnment and the individual. If it was true that it government should have as little control as possible, then it was an iniquity that this kind of power could control another.Thoreau was so appalled that a government that claimed in its constitution that all men were created equal, could turn a blind eye to the institution of slavery. He decided that since his tax dollars went to a government that supported such an institution, he would no longer pay his taxes. He hoped that he could revivify others who proclaimed abolitionist thoughts would do the same. However, they did not. In fact when Emerson came to the jail to post his bond, he asked Thoreau why he was in jail. Thoreau responded by asking Emerson why he was not in there with him.Thoreaus idea of civil disobedience to a government that is not of the people has been successful for several generations after Thoreaus death. He impacted the lives of such great men as Ghandi and the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. King utilize Thoreaus method and turned a nation around and forced it to recognize the civil rights of all people by Resistance to Civil Government. Thoreau and his idea of peaceful protest will remain an emotive way to change governments for generations to come.